Fig. 1: Myeloma cohort included in the study.

Patients without CRAB/FLC had laboratory values within reference range for calcium, creatinine, hemoglobin, and absence of lytic lesions assessed by conventional skeletal survey and an FLC ratio of <100. Those “with CRAB/FLC” had an abnormality detected in at least one of these variables. CRAB hypercalcemia, renal failure, anemia, bone lesions, FLC free light chains, SMM smoldering multiple myeloma, MGUS monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, BMPC bone marrow plasma cells. *patients’ missing data for SMM risk stratification.