Table 3 Univariate analysis for thrombosis.

From: Among classic myeloproliferative neoplasms, essential thrombocythemia is associated with the greatest risk of venous thromboembolism during COVID-19

 

Total

No thrombosis

Thrombosis

p-value

 

N = 162

N = 148

N = 14

 

Sex, n (%)

   

1.00

 Female

66 (40.7%)

60 (40.5%)

6 (42.9%)

 

 Male

96 (59.3%)

88 (59.5%)

8 (57.1%)

 

Age (years), median (IQR)

70.6 (60.0–79.9)

70.6 (60.0–79.9)

70.6 (60.0–80.0)

0.91

 <60 years, n (%)

40 (24.8%)

37 (25.2%)

3 (21.4%)

1.00

 60–70 years, n (%)

36 (22.4%)

33 (22.4%)

3 (21.4%)

 

 >70 years, n (%)

85 (52.8%)

77 (52.4%)

8 (57.1%)

 

MPN diagnosis, n (%)

   

0.17

 ET

48 (29.6%)

40 (27.0%)

8 (57.1%)

0.018

 PV

42 (25.9%)

40 (27.0%)

2 (14.3%)

0.30

 MF

56 (34.6%)

53 (35.8%)

3 (21.4%)

0.28

 Pre-PMF

16 (9.9%)

15 (10.1%)

1 (7.1%)

0.72

JAK2V617F, n (%)

112 (70.9%)

103 (71.5%)

9 (64.3%)

0.57

CALR, n (%)

26 (29.5%)

23 (28.7%)

3 (37.5%)

0.61

MPL, n (%)

5 (6.0%)

4 (5.2%)

1 (16.7%)

0.26

Previous thrombosis, n (%)

23 (14.4%)

20 (13.7%)

3 (21.4%)

0.43

Previous bleeding, n (%)

12 (7.5%)

12 (8.2%)

0 (0.0%)

0.26

MPN duration before COVID-19 onset (years), median (IQR)

5.9 (2.9–10.8)

5.9 (2.6–10.4)

5.9 (4.1–10.9)

0.60

Blood values before COVID-19 diagnosisa, median (IQR)

Hemoglobin, g/dL

13.0 (11.4–14.2)

12.9 (11.3–14.3)

13.1 (12.2–14.0)

0.77

White blood cells, ×109/L

7.2 (5.4–10.3)

7.2 (5.5–10.1)

6.5 (5.2–12.5)

0.66

Platelets, ×109/L

326.0 (218.0–477.0)

320.0 (214.5–466.0)

369.5 (288.0–550.0)

0.29

MPN-directed therapy before COVID-19 diagnosisa, n (%)

Hydroxyurea

73 (45.1%)

66 (44.6%)

7 (50.0%)

0.70

 Discontinued after COVID-19b

9/46 (20%)

7/39 (18%)

2/7 (28%)

0.61

Ruxolitinib

40 (24.7%)

37 (25.0%)

3 (21.4%)

0.77

 Discontinued after COVID-19

9/40 (23%)

8/37 (22%)

1/3 (33%)

0.55

Anagrelide

8 (4.9%)

6 (4.1%)

2 (14.3%)

0.091

Interferon

4 (2.5%)

4 (2.7%)

0 (0.0%)

0.53

Other cytoreductive drugs

5 (3.1%)

5 (3.4%)

0 (0.0%)

0.48

ASA

94 (58.0%)

83 (56.1%)

11 (78.6%)

0.10

Patient disposition, n (%)

   

0.010

Home

40 (24.8%)

39 (26.5%)

1 (7.1%)

 

Regular ward

104 (64.6%)

96 (65.3%)

8 (57.1%)

 

ICU

17 (10.6%)

12 (8.2%)

5 (35.7%)

 

Main symptoms, n (%)

Fever

130 (80.2%)

118 (79.7%)

12 (85.7%)

0.59

Dispnea

89 (54.9%)

79 (53.4%)

10 (71.4%)

0.19

Gastrointestinal

19 (11.7%)

19 (12.8%)

0 (0.0%)

0.15

Comorbidities, n (%)

Cerebrovascular disease

21 (13.0%)

19 (12.9%)

2 (14.3%)

0.89

Chronic dialysis/Kidney disease

15 (9.3%)

14 (9.5%)

1 (7.1%)

0.77

Chronic heart failure

22 (13.8%)

20 (13.6%)

2 (15.4%)

0.86

COPD

22 (13.7%)

20 (13.6%)

2 (14.3%)

0.94

Current/former tobacco smoker

33 (23.2%)

31 (24.2%)

2 (14.3%)

0.40

Hyperlipidemia

45 (29.0%)

41 (28.9%)

4 (30.8%)

0.89

Hypertension

97 (61.4%)

91 (63.2%)

6 (42.9%)

0.14

Antihypertensives use

93 (60.8%)

89 (64.0%)

4 (28.6%)

0.010

 ACE inhibitors/ARBs

54 (36.7%)

53 (39.6%)

1 (7.7%)

0.023

 Other

33 (21.6%)

31 (22.3%)

2 (14.3%)

0.49

Diabetes mellitus

19 (11.9%)

18 (12.3%)

1 (7.7%)

0.62

O2 saturation (%), median (IQR)

93.0 (88.0–96.0)

93.0 (88.0–96.0)

94.0 (90.0–96.0)

0.81

COVID-19-directed drugs, n (%)

Steroid

41 (27.2%)

34 (24.8%)

7 (50.0%)

0.044

Antibiotic

104 (68.9%)

91 (66.4%)

13 (92.9%)

0.042

Hydroxychloroquine

93 (59.6%)

84 (59.2%)

9 (64.3%)

0.71

Antiviral

54 (35.1%)

48 (34.3%)

6 (42.9%)

0.52

 Lopinavir/Ritonavir

44 (88.0%)

38 (86.4%)

6 (100.0%)

1.00

 Other

6 (12.0%)

6 (13.6%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Experimental

17 (10.7%)

14 (9.7%)

3 (21.4%)

0.17

 Tocilizumab

13 (76.5%)

10 (71.4%)

3 (100.0%)

1.00

 Ruxolitinib

2 (11.8%)

2 (14.3%)

0 (0.0%)

 

 Other

2 (11.8%)

2 (14.3%)

0 (0.0%)

 

Antithrombotic

88 (56.8%)

76 (53.9%)

12 (85.7%)

0.022

 LMWH

84 (54.2%)

72 (51.1%)

12 (85.7%)

0.013

 Low-intermediate dose

62 (79.5%)

56 (74.8%)

6 (50.0%)

0.34

 Therapeutic dose

16 (20.5%)

10 (15.2%)

6 (50.0%)

 

Laboratory parameters at COVID-19 diagnosis, median (IQR)

Hemoglobin, g/dL

12.4 (10.0–13.5)

12.3 (9.9–13.5)

12.9 (11.4–13.8)

0.37

White blood cells, ×109/L

6.6 (4.7–10.3)

6.5 (4.6–10.3)

7.4 (5.4–11.3)

0.35

 Lymphocytes, ×109/L

0.9 (0.6–1.6)

0.9 (0.6–1.6)

0.6 (0.4–0.9)

0.049

 Neutrophils, ×109/L

4.8 (3.2–7.8)

4.7 (3.1–7.6)

4.9 (4.3–7.8)

0.61

 Monocytes, ×109/L

0.4 (0.3–0.7)

0.4 (0.3–0.7)

0.4 (0.2–0.6)

0.45

 Eosinophils, ×109/L

0.0 (0.0–0.1)

0.0 (0.0–0.1)

0.0 (0.0–0.1)

0.24

 Basophils, ×109/L

0.0 (0.0–0.1)

0.0 (0.0–0.1)

0.0 (0.0–0.0)

0.58

Platelets, ×109/L

250.5 (151.0–397.5)

248.5 (152.0–375.0)

347.0 (74.0–408.0)

0.93

Neutrophils/lymphocytes ratio

5.2 (3.4–9.0)

4.9 (3.4–8.1)

10.5 (6.9–13.4)

0.004

Platelets/lymphocytes ratio

292.1 (172.3–450.0)

284.5 (157.6–395.2)

485.5 (286.1–678.2)

0.027

C-reactive protein, mg/dL

73.8 (23.0–156.8)

72.5 (18.8–134.1)

168.7 (81.4–219.0)

0.019

Fibrinogen, mg/dL

473.0 (276.5–598.5)

469.0 (270.0–597.0)

500.0 (400.0–689.0)

0.62

D-Dimer, ng/mL

660.0 (282.0–1655.0)

622.0 (280.5–1477.0)

2000.0 (642.0–4675.0)

0.100

INR

1.2 (1.0–1.3)

1.2 (1.0–1.3)

1.2 (1.1–1.2)

0.46

  1. MPN myeloproliferative neoplasms, ET essential thrombocythemia, PV polycythemia vera, MF myelofibrosis, pre-PMF prefibrotic myelofibrosis, ASA acetylsalicylic acid, ICU intensive care unit, COPD chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, ACE angiotensin-converting-enzyme, ARBs angiotensin II receptor blockers, O2 oxygen, LMWH low molecular weight heparin, INR international normalized ratio, IQR interquartile range.
  2. aData refer to the last follow-up of MPN control before COVID-19 diagnosis, performed at a median of 47 days earlier (IQR: 28–67).
  3. bData available for 46 of 73 patients treated with Hydroxyurea.
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