Table 6 Univariate and multivariate analysis of factors associated with progression and death according if any maintenance was given or not (n = 3821).

From: Real-world results of autologous stem cell transplantation in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma: a report from the Canadian Myeloma Research Group database

Factors

Progression

Death

Univariable analysis (HR and 95% CI)1

Multivariable analysis (HR and 95% CI)

Univariable analysis (HR and 95% CI)

Multivariable analysis (HR and 95% CI)

Sex

Male vs. Female

1.00 (0.92, 1.09)

 

1.13 (1.00, 1.27)

1.13 (1.00, 1.28)*

Age at treatment initiation

Each 1 year increase

1.00 (0.99, 1.01)

 

1.02 (1.01, 1.03)***

1.02 (1.01, 1.03)***

Myeloma isotype

IgG

ref

IgA

1.12 (1.00, 1.25)*

1.07 (0.92, 1.24)

1.19 (1.02, 1.38)*

1.18 (1.01, 1.37)*

Light chain only

0.86 (0.75, 0.99)*

0.83 (0.72, 0.95)**

0.89 (0.73, 1.08)

0.94 (0.77, 1.14)

Others

1.13 (0.81, 1.58)

1.01 (0.72, 1.42)

1.07 (0.65, 1.75)

0.92 (0.56, 1.53)

Unknown or missing

1.27 (1.09, 1.49)**

0.98 (0.83, 1.17)

1.40 (1.14, 1.71)**

1.25 (1.00, 1.55)*

ISS stage

I

ref

II

1.19 (1.06, 1.33)**

 

1.18 (1.01, 1.39)*

1.05 (0.88, 1.26)

III

1.49 (1.33, 1.66)***

 

1.77 (1.52, 2.07)***

1.34 (1.11, 1.63)**

Unknown or missing

1.30 (1.13, 1.50)**

 

1.24 (1.01, 1.53)*

1.17 (0.93, 1.45)

Laboratory results

Hemoglobin, <=80 vs. >80 g/L

1.39 (1.22, 1.59)***

 

1.40 (1.17, 1.68)***

 

Hemoglobin Unknown vs. >80 g/L

1.12 (0.94, 1.33)

 

0.80 (0.61, 1.05)

 

Platelet count <=50 vs. >50 (109/L)

2.02 (1.37, 2.98)***

1.42 (0.96, 2.10)

2.50 (1.57, 3.99)***

1.92 (1.19, 3.08)**

Platelet count Unknown vs. >50 (109/L)

1.17 (1.05, 1.31)*

0.91 (0.77, 1.06)

0.99 (0.84, 1.16)

0.81 (0.65, 1.02)

Beta 2-microglobulin >=466.5 vs. <466.5 nmol/L (5.5 mg/L)

1.41 (1.27, 1.56)***

1.23 (1.10, 1.37)***

1.61 (1.40, 1.85)***

 

Beta 2-microglobulin Unknown vs. <466.5 nmol/L (5.5 mg/L)

1.23 (1.10, 1.37)***

1.11 (0.98, 1.25)

1.13 (0.96, 1.33)

 

Albumin <=35 vs. >35 g/L

1.26 (1.15, 1.38)***

1.12 (1.01, 1.23)*

1.31 (1.16, 1.49)***

1.16 (1.00, 1.36)

Albumin Unknown vs. >35 g/L

1.36 (1.20, 1.54)***

1.07 (0.90, 1.27)

1.13 (0.95, 1.35)

0.95 (0.74, 1.21)

Calcium >=2.65 vs. <2.65 mmol/L

1.33 (1.18, 1.50)***

1.23 (1.09, 1.39)**

1.51 (1.29, 1.77)***

1.27 (1.07, 1.51)**

Calcium Unknown vs. <2.65 mmol/L

1.26 (1.12, 1.40)***

1.05 (0.89, 1.24)

1.17 (1.00, 1.37)

1.32 (1.03, 1.68)*

Creatinine >177 umol/L vs. <=177

1.23 (1.09, 1.38)***

 

1.50 (1.29, 1.75)***

1.10 (0.92, 1.32)

Creatinine Unknown vs. <=177 umol/L

1.16 (0.99, 1.36)

 

0.78 (0.60, 1.01)

0.70 (0.52, 0.95)*

LDH, >250 U/L vs. <=250

1.38 (1.21, 1.56)***

1.25 (1.09, 1.42)**

1.66 (1.41, 1.96)***

1.51 (1.27, 1.78)***

 

LDH Unknown vs. <=250 U/L

1.31 (1.19, 1.43)***

1.10 (0.99, 1.22)

1.19 (1.04, 1.36)*

1.06 (0.90, 1.25)

Cytogenetic risk classification

Standard-risk

ref

High-risk2

1.56 (1.37, 1.77)***

1.56 (1.36, 1.78)***

2.04 (1.71, 2.43)***

1.91 (1.60, 2.28)***

Unknown or missing

1.34 (1.22, 1.48)***

1.10 (0.99, 1.22)

1.46 (1.27, 1.69)***

1.28 (1.10, 1.49)**

Induction regimens

Two or more

1.29 (1.12, 1.48)***

1.35 (1.17, 1.56)***

1.29 (1.06, 1.56)*

1.27 (1.05, 1.54)*

ASCT type

Single

ref

Tandem vs. single

1.04 (0.88, 1.24)

0.95 (0.79, 1.15)

1.29 (1.06, 1.56)*

 

Consolidation

Yes vs. no

0.65 (0.53, 0.79)***

0.79 (0.64, 0.96)*

0.78 (0.59, 1.02)

 

Maintenance

Yes vs. no

0.52 (0.48, 0.57)***

0.52 (0.47, 0.57)***

0.59 (0.52, 0.67)***

0.58 (0.51, 0.67)***

  1. FISH Fluorescent in situ hybridization, HR Hazard ratio, ASCT Autologous stem cell transplant.
  2. 1. Note that variables with HR > 1 were associated with higher risk of progression or death and HR < 1 indicated lower risk of progression or death.
  3. 2. High-risk was defined by the presence by FISH of any one or combination of del17p, t(4:14), t(14:16).
  4. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001.
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