Fig. 6: Dual T-cell receptor constant β chain (TRBC)1/TRBC2 assessment resolves common artifacts encountered with TRBC1-only staining.

Specimens involved by cutaneous T-cell lymphoma (A–C and F.), T-cell large granular lymphocytic leukemia (D, E), and samples from patients with no evidence of T-cell malignancy (G–L), were studied using TRBC1-only staining (left) or dual TRBC1/TRBC2 staining (right). Neoplastic cells (red) with spurious dim expression using TRBC1-only staining are clearly resolved as TRBC1-restricted (A–C) or TRBC2-restricted (D–F) neoplasms using dual TRBC1/TRBC2 staining. On benign samples, spurious dim-expressing subsets (maroon) detected with TRBC1-only staining on CD8+ T-cells (G, H), CD4+ T-cells (I, J), or both (K, L), are completely resolved with dual TRBC1/TRBC2 staining.