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Non-cryopreserved autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma and lymphoma in countries with limited resources: practice considerations from the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation

Bone Marrow Transplantation volume 60, pages 19–27 (2025)Cite this article

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A Correction to this article was published on 30 June 2025

This article has been updated

Abstract

Autologous peripheral blood stem cell (PBSC) transplantation is a standard treatment of multiple myeloma (MM), Hodgkin lymphoma and various subtypes of non-Hodgkin lymphoma. Cryopreservation of hematopoietic stem cells is standard practice that allows time for delivery of conditioning regimen prior to cell infusion. The aim of this Worldwide Network for Blood & Marrow Transplantation (WBMT) work was to assess existing evidence on non-cryopreserved autologous transplants through a systematic review/meta-analysis, to study feasibility and safety of this approach. We searched PubMed, Web of Science and SCOPUS for studies that utilized non-cryopreserved autologous PBSC transplantation. Identified literature was reviewed for information on mobilization, apheresis, preservation and viability, conditioning regimen, engraftment, response, and survival. Results highlight collective experience from 19 transplant centers (1686 patients), that performed autologous transplants using non-cryopreserved PBSCs. The mean of infused CD34+ was 5.6 × 106/kg. Stem cell viability at transplantation was >90% in MM and >75% in lymphomas, after a storage time of 24–144 h at +4 °C. Mean time-to-neutrophil engraftment was 12 days and 15.3 days for platelets. Pooled proportion estimates of day 100 transplant-related mortality and graft failure were 1% and 0%, respectively. Non-cryopreservation of apheresed autologous PBSCs appears feasible and safe.

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Fig. 1
Fig. 2: Pooled mean estimates of CD34+ cell dose.
Fig. 3: Pooled mean estimates of ANC.
Fig. 4: Pooled mean estimates of platelets recovery.

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Data availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article.

Change history

  • 24 June 2025

    The original online version of this article was revised: In this article the author name Dietger Niederwiser has been corrected to Dietger Niederwieser and fig. 3 replaced.

  • 30 June 2025

    A Correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-025-02664-5

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Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. EHU 1st November, Oran, Algeria

    Mohamed Amine Bekadja

  2. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany

    Dietger Niederwieser

  3. Division of Hematology-Oncology and Blood and Marrow Transplantation and Cellular Therapy Program, Mayo Clinic, Jacksonville, FL, USA

    Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja

  4. Adult Hematology, Stem Cell Transplant & Cellular Therapy, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

    Riad El Fakih, Syed Osman Ahmed, Amr Hanbali, Tusneem Elhassan, Mahmoud Aljurf & Walid Rasheed

  5. Centre de Recherche Saint-Antoine, Sorbonne Université-INSERM, UMR_S 938, Paris, France

    Laurent Garderet & Mohamad Mohty

  6. Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Lille, Université de Lille, Lille, France

    Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha

  7. Division of Hematology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria

    Hildegard Greinix

  8. Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA

    Daniel J. Weisdorf

  9. Department of Hematology, Hospital Británico, Montevideo, Uruguay

    Sebastian Galeano

  10. Institut Paoli-Calmettes, Inserm CBT-1409 & Aix-Marseille Université, Marseille, France

    Christian Chabanon

  11. Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA

    Shahrukh K. Hashmi

  12. Department of Medicine, Sheikh Shakbout Medical City, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Shahrukh K. Hashmi

  13. College of Medicine & Health Sciences, Khalifa University, Abu Dhabi, UAE

    Shahrukh K. Hashmi

  14. San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milano, Italy

    Annalisa Ruggeri

  15. Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, USA

    Usama Gergis

  16. Blood and Marrow Transplantation Program, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon

    Ali Bazarbachi

  17. Australia and New Zealand Transplant and Cellular Therapies (ANZTCT), Department of Haematology, St Vincent’s Hospital Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Nada Hamad

  18. School of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Health, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia

    Nada Hamad

  19. School of Medicine, Sydney University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, WS, Australia

    Nada Hamad

  20. King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Madinah, Saudi Arabia

    Amal Albeihany

  21. Division of Hematology/Oncology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI, USA

    Marcelo Pasquini

  22. Clinical Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre and The Royal Melbourne Hospital Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia

    Jeff Szer

  23. Department of Promotion for Blood and Marrow Transplantation, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan

    Yoshihisa Kodera

  24. Department of Internal Medicine Director, Research Methodology and Biostatistics Core, Office of Research Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, USA

    Ambuj Kumar

  25. Department of Haematology, Guy’s and St Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK

    Donal McLornan

  26. Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria

    Nina Worel

  27. Hematology and Bone Marrow Transplantation Unit, San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milano, Italy

    Raffaella Greco

  28. Japanese Data Center for Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation, Nagakute, Japan

    Yoshiko Atsuta

  29. Department of Registry Science for Transplant and Cellular Therapy, Aichi Medical University School of Medicine, Nagakute, Japan

    Yoshiko Atsuta

  30. St. George’s Hospital and Medical School, London, UK

    Mickey Koh

  31. Cell Therapy Facility, Blood Services Group, Health Sciences Authority, Singapore, Singapore

    Mickey Koh

  32. Hematology Department, Institut Català d’Oncologia-Hospitalet, IDIBELL, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain

    Anna Sureda

  33. Division of Hematology/Oncology, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA

    Damiano Rondelli

Authors
  1. Mohamed Amine Bekadja
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  2. Dietger Niederwieser
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  3. Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja
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  4. Riad El Fakih
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  5. Laurent Garderet
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  6. Ibrahim Yakoub-Agha
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  7. Hildegard Greinix
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  8. Daniel J. Weisdorf
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  9. Sebastian Galeano
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  10. Syed Osman Ahmed
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  11. Christian Chabanon
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  13. Annalisa Ruggeri
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  14. Usama Gergis
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  15. Ali Bazarbachi
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  20. Jeff Szer
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  22. Ambuj Kumar
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Contributions

Study concept: MAB, MAK-D, REF, MA. Study design: MAB, MAK-D, REF, AK, TE, MA. Data collection: TE. Statistical analysis: TE. Interpretation of results: MAB, DN, MAK-D, REF, LG, IY-A, HG, DJW, SG, SOA, CC, SKH, AR, UG, AB, NH, AA, MP, AH, JS, YK, AK, TE, DMc, NW, RG, MM, YA, MK, AS, DR, MA, WR. Manuscript writing: MAB, DN, MAK-D, REF, LG, IY-A, HG, DJW, SG, SOA, CC, SKH, AR, UG, AB, NH, AA, MP, AH, JS, YK, AK, TE, DMc, NW, RG, MM, YA, MK, AS, DR, MA, WR.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Mohamed A. Kharfan-Dabaja, Riad El Fakih or Mahmoud Aljurf.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests

MAB, DN, REF, DJW, SG, AR, AB, AH, YK, AK, TE, MM, WR declare no conflicts of interest MAK-D: declares research/grant from Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, and Pharmacyclics, and lecture/honoraria from Kite Pharma; LG: declares relationship with Bristol Myers Squibb, Sanofi, Janssen, Pfizer; IY-A: declares honoraria from Kite Pharma, Novartis and Bristol Myers Squibb; HG: declares speaker bureau and consultancy for Therakos, Gilead, Novartis, Stemline, Neovii, Sanofi, and Takeda; SOA: declares advisory board with Kite Pharma and Novartis, and speaker honoraria from Kite Pharma, Novartis, and Johnson & Johnson; CC: declares honoraria (personal and institutional) for lectures and advisory boards from Bristol Myers Squibb, Kite Pharma/Gilead, Janssen, Jazz, Novartis, and Miltenyi Biotec; SKH: declares educational/travel grants from Novartis, Pfizer, Janssen, Therakos, Vertex, MSD, Roche; UG: declares consultancy/Honoraria :Kite Pharma, Incyte, Astellas, Jazz,and Vor; NH: honoria from Janssen, Novartis, Takeda, Abbvie, Roche, Astellas, Bigene; AA: declares lecture-Advisor /honoraria from Kite Pharma, Novartis, Takeda and Janssen; MP: declares research with Bristol Myers Squibb, Janssen, Kite Pharma, Novartis, and consultancy for Bristol Myers Squibb, Novartis, and honoraria from Gilead; JS: declares consultancy for Sanofi and ADRx, honoraria from Sanofi, Alexion, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Prevail Therapeutics (Eli–Lilly), Pfizer, Sobi Pharmaceuticals, and Novartis, advisory committees for Sanofi, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Prevail Therapeutics (Eli–Lilly), Pfizer, Sobi Pharmaceuticals, Novartis, speaker bureau for Sanofi, AstraZeneca Rare Disease, Prevail Therapeutics (Eli–Lilly), Pfizer, Sobi Pharmaceuticals, Novartis; DMc: declares lecture/honoraria from GSK, Novartis, Abbvie. Research funding from Imago Biosciences; NW: declares speakers fees from BMS Celgene, Kite Gilead, Novartis, Pierre Fabre, Sanofi Genzyme, Therakos Mallinckrodt, Travel reimbursement from Jannsen, Pierre Fabre; RG: declares speaking honoraria from Biotest, Pfizer, Medac, Neovii and Magenta; YA: declares lecture/honoraria from Otsuka Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd, Chugai Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Novartis Pharma KK, Meiji Seika Pharma Co., Ltd, Janssen Pharmaceutical K.K., and consultancy fee from JCR Pharmaceuticals Co., Ltd and Kyowa Kirin Co., Ltd; MK: declares non-specified relationship with Kite Pharma, Takeda and Gilead; AS: declares honoraria from Takeda, Bristol Myers Squibb /Celgene, MSD, Janssen, Amgen, Novartis, Gilead Kite, Sanofi, Roche, Genmab, AbbVie, Jazz Pharmaceuticals, consultancy from Takeda, Bristol Myers Squibb/Celgene, Novartis, Janssen, Gilead, Sanofi, Genmab, AbbVie, speaker bureau for Takeda and Research support from Takeda; MA: declares lecture/honoraria from Kite Pharma and Vertex Pharma.

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The original online version of this article was revised: In this article the author name Dietger Niederwiser has been corrected to Dietger Niederwieser and fig. 3 replaced.

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Bekadja, M.A., Niederwieser, D., Kharfan-Dabaja, M.A. et al. Non-cryopreserved autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for multiple myeloma and lymphoma in countries with limited resources: practice considerations from the Worldwide Network for Blood and Marrow Transplantation. Bone Marrow Transplant 60, 19–27 (2025). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-024-02431-y

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41409-024-02431-y

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