Table 5 Bone diseases or dysfunctions caused by the δ-group of rhodopsin GPCR mutation or deletion
GPCR | Species | Bone diseases or dysfunctions caused by GPCR mutation or deletion | References |
|---|---|---|---|
EBI2 | Mouse | Increased bone mass | Nevius et al.86 |
FPRs | Human | Two mutations at bases 329 and 378 were associated with juvenile periodontitis | Gwinn et al.217 |
FSHR | Human | AA rs6166 (FSHR) was associated with increased osteoporosis risk in postmenopausal women | Rendina et al.210 |
GPR55 | Mouse | Increased bone mass in males | Whyte et al.220 |
GPR65 | Mouse | Accelerated bone loss induced by ovariectomy | Hikiji et al.223 |
GPR68 | Mouse | Increased BMD | Krieger et al.221 |
GPR103 | Mouse | Induced kyphosis and reduced BMD and bone mass | Baribault et al.224 |
LGR4 | Human | Mutation of c.376C>T was associated with reduced BMD | Styrkarsdottir214 |
Mouse | Reduced body length and bone mass | Luo et al.8 | |
Luo et al.9 | |||
LHCGR | Human | A single A>G base change at position 578 was associated with reduced male height | Soriano et al.207 |
Bertelloni et al.208 | |||
Shenker et al.209 | |||
OR2H1 | Human | SNPs rs1233490 and rs2746149 were associated with rheumatoid arthritis | Orozco et al.213 |
P2Y1 | Mouse | Reduced bone mass | Orriss et al.225 |
P2Y2 | Mouse | Increased bone mass in C57BL/6 mice | Orriss et al.225 |
Orriss et al.232 | |||
Reduced bone mass in SV129 mice | Xing et al.233 | ||
P2Y6 | Mouse | Increased BMD and bone mass | Orriss et al.222 |
P2Y7 | Mouse | Reduced bone mass in mixed genetic mice (129/OlaXC57BL/6XDBA/2) | Ke et al.234 |
Increased cortical thickness in C57BL/6 mice | Gartland et al.235 | ||
P2Y12 | Mouse | Reduced bone loss induced by age and arthritis ovariectomy | Su et al.226 |
P2Y13 | Mouse | Increase bone mass in young mice but reduced bone mass in mature mice | Wang et al.229 |
Wang et al.231 | |||
PAR2 | Mouse | Alleviated arthritis and prevented bone loss in periodontal disease mice | Ferrell et al.230 |
Francis et al.227 | |||
PTAFR | Mouse | Lower bone loss and unchanged bone turnover in OVX mice | Hikiji et al.42 |
RXFP2 | Human | T222P mutation was associated with osteoporosis and reduce BMD | Ferlin et al.211 |
Ferlin et al.215 | |||
Mouse | Reduced bone mass | Ferlin et al.211 | |
Ferlin et al.215 | |||
TSHR | Human | A C-to-G substitution at codon 727 was associated with osteoporosis and reduced BMD | Liu et al.212 |
Van et al.216 | |||
Mouse | Induced osteoporosis and reduced femur length and BMD | Abe et al.37 |
