Fig. 1
Bone formation at the humanized tissue-engineered bone construct (hTEBC) and effect of zoledronic acid (ZA) and Denosumab on the outgrowth of experimental PC3-Luc metastases in vivo. a Schematic manufacturing process of the hTEBC. b Timeline of the PC3-Luc in vivo study. c, d Representative images of in vivo bone formation, monitored by x-ray (c) and in vivo CT (d). Imaging throughout the duration of the study showed an increase of mineralized tissue at the hTEBC implantation site. e In vivo BLI total flux fold changes over time. ZA reduced the metastatic load significantly between week 13 and 15 when compared with PBS. Animals treated with Denosumab also showed reduced PC3-Luc tumor burden between week 13 and 17, however without significance. From week 17 to 18, no significant difference between the three experimental groups was apparent. Each data point represents mean ± SEM (n = 6 for Denosumab; n = 5 for ZA and PBS). P-values were calculated using a UNIANOVA model (*P ≤ 0.05). f Representative in vivo BLI time course for each treatment group
