Fig. 4
From: Bone remodeling: an operational process ensuring survival and bone mechanical competence
Released extracellular matrix (ECM) factors. Two major factors are released by the ECM upon bone resorption and cooperate to regulate bone remodeling and BMU activity: TGF-β1 and IGF-1. After release from the matrix, active TGF-β1 acts both on osteoblasts and osteoclasts to induce osteoblast precursor migration to the site of resorption and osteoclast production of Wnt1, which promotes osteoblast recruitment and/or differentiation at sites of bone resorption, and Wint10b, which promotes matrix mineralization. IGF-1 supports the recruitment of osteoblast progenitors and promotes osteoblast differentiation and matrix mineralization by inducing the transcription of osteogenesis‐related genes such as DMP1, PHEX, SOST, BMP2, RUNX2, OPN, and OCN
