Fig. 1
From: Hallmarks of peripheral nerve function in bone regeneration

Distribution of regeneration and its nerve dependence in animals from lower to higher species. This phylogenetic tree topology contains almost all animal species. The yellow arrow at the bottom from left to right indicates the gradient from animals that emerged earlier in evolutionary history (lower organisms) to those that evolved later (higher organisms). The distribution of regeneration capacity in most animal phyla could be confirmed in at least one member. “Presence of regeneration” means that there is at least one verified taxon in the corresponding phylum that has the ability to regenerate complex parts of the body; it does not refer to all the taxa included. “Presence of nerve dependence” means that there is at least one well-substantiated report indicating the function of the nervous system in regeneration. “No documentation” means that more reliable studies are needed on the topic. Tree topologies and regeneration data are based on ref. 292 Data on nerve dependence are based on refs. 21,22,41,42,43,44,45,293,294,295,296