Fig. 1

Paired samples transcriptomic sequencing reveals molecular features in OPLL samples. a The workflow shows the sequencing platform and the main analysis methods or software used in data processing and analysis. b Volcano plots exhibit differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in OPLL compared with non-OPLL samples. Red and blue dots represent significantly regulated genes (P < 0.05) with a fold-change higher than 2 or lower than 0.5. c Gene ontology (GO) analysis of DEGs. Part of significant (P < 0.05) GO terms (right) associated with biological processes are shown. Gene names (left) are DEGs, and the color boxes represent log₂FC. Ribbons connect DEGs and enriched GO terms. d Representative enrichment plots of curated MSigDB Hallmark Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA). Adjusted P < 0.05 is considered statistically significant. Gene names are DEGs in the Angiogenesis pathway. e All protein-protein interactions (PPIs) of DEGs (P < 0.01) were extracted from the STRING database and generated a PPI network. The size and color of the rounded rectangular boxes indicate the P value and log₂FC, respectively. f Venn diagram means five calculating methods for finding hub genes according to network centrality. The five methods are Maximal Clique Centrality (MCC), Density of Maximum Neighborhood Component (DMNC), Edge Percolated Component (EPC), Maximum Neighborhood Component (MNC), and ClusteringCoefficient. g The top 10 key genes were identified through the PPI network map using the DMNC method. Darker red indicates a higher ranking