Fig. 2
The effects of cellular calcium on bone diseases. a Intracellular calcium signalling in regulating key bone metabolic processes. Elevated intracellular calcium affects critical bone metabolic processes. b Intracellular calcium concentration interacts with various subcellular organelles including mitochondrion, endo-lysosome, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and ribosome. c Extracellular calcium concentration modulates bone metabolism. d The vicious circle between tumour cells and the local bone-related cells in bone cancer progression interfere with bone matrix proteins and cytokines secretion and causes cancer-related hypercalcemia. Figure created with BioRender.com
