Table 3 Major calcium channels, transporters, pumps and exchangers
Channels | Description |
|---|---|
Cavs | Voltage-gated calcium channels, transducing membrane potential changes into intracellular Ca2+ transients for intracellular signal transduction |
TRPCs | Canonical transient receptor potential channels on cell membranes for calcium influx |
TRPMs | Transient receptor potential melastatin on cell membranes for calcium influx |
TRPVs | Transient receptor potential vanilloid on cell membranes for calcium influx |
ORAI1/2 | Calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1/2, a Ca2+ selective ion channel on cell membrane that encoded by ORAI1 gene, interact with STIM1 to activate store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE) |
STIM1 | Stromal interaction molecule 1 that locates on the ER membranes. Activated STIM1 oligomer translocate to bind activated ORAI1/2 to form store-operated calcium channel (SOC) complex for calcium influx |
NCX | Sodium-calcium exchanger pumps, responsible for the exchange of cytosolic Ca2+ and Na+ at the extracellular milieu with a stoichiometry of 1:3. When expressed on the inner membrane of mitochondrial, it pumps Ca2+ out to the intermembrane spaces and pumps Na+ into the matrix. |
MCU | Mitochondrial calcium uniporter, locating on the outer membrane of mitochondrion and assisting the uptake of Ca2+ from cytosol |
IP3R | Inositol trisphosphate receptor that responsible for the Ca2+ release from ER and the oscillation signals |
PMCA | Plasma membrane Ca2+ ATPase that belongs to the P-type primary ion transport ATPase, pumping out cytosolic Ca2+ by ATP hydrolysis at a stoichiometry of 1:1 |
SERCA | Sarcoplasmic/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase, allowing the transport of Ca2+ from cytosol into ER in an APT consuming manner. |
