Fig. 3

Plp1-lineage cells contribute to Gli1⁺ MSCs formation and promote bone regeneration. a Representative images of tdTomato⁺ cells and Gli1 immunostaining during jaw bone regeneration and quantification of tdTomato⁺ Gli1⁺ cells in TES from Plp1-creER^T2; tdTomato mice (n = 6). Scale bar: 100 μm. b Representative images of tdTomato⁺ cells combined with CD31 and EMCN immunostaining at day 7 post tooth extraction. c Western blot images of MAG, CD105, Gli1 expression of FACS-sorted tdTomato⁺ cells from tooth extraction sockets at day 0, 3, and 7 post tooth extraction. d Representative co-localization images of tdTomato⁺ cells and Gli1⁺ cells in healing sockets of Sham and Denervation mice at day 7 post tooth extraction and relative quantification (n = 6). Scale bar: 100 μm. e Representative flow cytometry plots depicting the gating strategy to identify MSCs and OLCs in TES of Plp1-creER^T2; tdTomato and Plp1-creER^T2 mice 7 days post tooth extraction. f Schematic illustration of the lineage tracing approach in the jaw bone healing model using Sox10-cre; tdTomato mice. g Representative images of tdTomato⁺ cells and Gli1 immunostaining during jaw bone regeneration in TES from Sox10-cre; tdTomato mice. Scale bar: 100 μm. h Schematic illustration of the lineage tracing approach in the jaw bone healing model using Gli1-creER^T2; tdTomato mice. i Representative images of tdTomato⁺ cells and MAG immunostaining during jaw bone regeneration and quantification of tdTomato⁺ MAG⁺ cells in TES from Gli1-creER^T2; tdTomato mice (n = 3). Scale bar: 100 μm. j Schematic of the experimental design to ablate SCs using an inducible diphtheria toxin allele (DTA). k H&E staining of tooth sockets from control and Plp1^DTA mice at day 7 and day 14 post tooth extraction (n = 6). Scale bar: 100 μm. l Representative images of tdTomato⁺ cells and Gli1 immunostaining in TES of control and Plp1^DTA mice at day 7 post tooth extraction and relative quantification per socket (n = 6). Scale bar: 100 μm. Data were presented as mean ± SD; *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001