Fig. 2

Bone defect promotes epidermal migration and proliferation of diabetic wound. a Sagittal sections of days 3 and 7 wound tissue immunolabeled for cytokeratin (red) and DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 200 μm. b Quantitative statistics of the migration distance of epidermal tongue from wound edge (n = 8). c Sagittal sections of days 3 and 7 wound tissue immunolabeled for cytokeratin (red), and labeled with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) (green) (proliferation), cell nucleus for DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 100 μm. d Quantitative statistics of the number of Edu⁺ epidermal cells in each visual field (n = 6). e Fluorescence microscopy of sagittal sections of day 7 wound tissue immunolabeled for cytokeratin (red) and Emcn (yellow), cell nucleus for DAPI (blue). Scale bar, 200 μm. f Quantitative statistics of the migration distance of Emcn⁺ blood vessel from wound edge (n = 8). g Quantification of the distance from the migrating front of the epidermal tongue to the nearest Emcn⁺ vessel was performed based on immunofluorescence staining photographs of tissue sections (n = 8). Data are presented as mean ± SD and statistical significance was analyzed via two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test for (b, d), unpaired two-tailed Student’s t test for (f, g). P value: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001