Fig. 4

The plasma of bone defect contains PDGF-BB and is conducive to vascular regeneration of CD31^hi Emcn^hi in diabetic wounds. a Volcano plot of proteomics analysis of differentially expressed protein, comparing control diabetic mice plasma and bone defect diabetic mice plasma (n = 3). Red dots represent upregulated genes, and blue dots represent downregulated genes; adjusted P ≤ 0.05. b Top 10 GO biological process enrichment analysis for the upregulated differentially proteins (Bone defect versus Control). The size of the dots indicates the number of proteins associated with indicated GO terms and the color of the dots indicates the adjusted log P values calculated by one-sided Fisher’s exact test with Benjamini-Hochberg correction. c Top 20 KEGG pathways enriched in differentially proteins (Bone defect versus Control). The size of the dots indicates the number of genes associated with indicated KEGG terms. PDGF-BB protein expression in the plasma of the control group and the bone defect group at different time points following bone defect (d), in the bone defect bone marrow and contralateral uninjured bone marrow (e), and in the wound tissue (f) was measured by Elisa. g Representative flow cytometry plots and quantification of CD31^hiEmcn^hi endothelial cells from different wound tissue at days 3 and 7 (n = 4). h Sagittal sections of foot wound tissue immunolabeled for CD31 (red), and Emcn (green), cell nucleus for DAPI (blue) at days 3 and 7. Scale bar, 200 μm. i Sagittal sections of foot wound tissue immunolabeled for Emcn (red), and labeled with 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) (green, proliferation), cell nucleus for DAPI (blue) at days 3 and 7. Scale bar, 200 μm. Data are presented as mean ± SD and statistical significance was analyzed via one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test for (d), two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparison test for (e, f, g). P value: *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001