Fig. 3

Pharmacologically inhibition of cPLA2 regulates the expression of genes related to chondrocyte metabolism and senescence. a Western blot analysis of p-cPLA2 and cPLA2 expression in primary human OA chondrocytes at various time points (15 min, 30 min, 45 min and 60 min) after stimulation with 10 ng/mL TNF-α, 10 µmol/L H₂O₂, 1 ng/mL VP-16, with or without 10 μmol/L FFD (n = 3). b mRNA levels of COL2, ACAN in human OA chondrocyte treated with varying concentrations of FFD for 24 h, assayed by qRT-PCR analysis. Additionally, mRNA levels of MMP13, ADAMTS5 in chondrocyte treated with 10 ng/mL TNFα and varying concentrations of FFD for 24 h, assayed by qRT-PCR analysis (n = 3). c Western blot analysis of p21, γH2AX, and p16 expression in primary human OA chondrocytes treated with 10 µmol/L H₂O₂ and different concentrations of FFD (n = 3). d Western blot analysis of p21, γH2AX, and p16 expression in primary human OA chondrocytes treated with 1 ng/mL VP-16 and carying concentrations of FFD (n = 3). e–h SA-β-gal staining and quantification of SA-β-gal positive cells of primary human OA chondrocytes treated with 10 µmol/L H₂O₂ (e, f), or 1 ng/mL VP-16 (g, h) with/without 10 μmol/L FFD for 48 h (n = 6). Scale bar = 100 μm. b, f, h Data are mean±s.d., P-values by one way ANOVA with Bonferroni post hoc test