Table 1 Cox proportional hazards univariate analyses of survival by clinical and pathological risk factors, DPD tumour expression (low, score = 0–1; high, score = 2–3), and hENT1 tumour expression (high vs. low defined by median H-score)

From: Expression of dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) and hENT1 predicts survival in pancreatic cancer

Univariate analysis

 

Hazard ratio (95% Confidence Interval)

 

Chemotherapy

Total

Characteristic

 

5-fluorouracil /folinic acid

Gemcitabine

 

Resection margin

 

n = 115

n = 123

n = 238

Negative

1

1

1

Positive

2.13 (1.41–3.12)

1.12 (0.76–1.66)

1.52 (1.15–2.01)

 

Wald χ2 = 12.85, p < 0.001

Wald χ2 = 0.34 p = 0.558

Wald χ2 = 8.75, p = 0.003

WHO

 

n = 115

n = 123

n = 238

0

1

1

1

1

1.62 (1.07–2.47)

1.46 (0.95–2.24)

1.54 (1.14–2.08)

2

0.97 (0.43–2.21)

1.22 (0.63–2.37)

1.09 (0.64–1.85)

 

Wald χ2 = 5.79, p = 0.055

Wald χ2 = 3.01, p = 0.222

Wald χ2 = 8.55, p = 0.014

Lymph node status

 

n = 115

n = 123

n = 238

Negative

1

1

1

Positive

3.15 (1.76–5.62)

1.61 (0.95–2.74)

2.24 (1.50–3.33)

 

Wald χ2 = 15.03, p < 0.001

Wald χ2 = 3.08, p = 0.079

Wald χ2 = 15.82, p < 0.001

Tumour stage

 

n = 114

n = 122

n = 236

1/2

1

1

1

3/4

1.92 (1.19–3.11)

1.47 (0.97–2.23)

1.67 (1.22–2.28)

 

Wald χ2 = 7.16, p = 0.008

Wald χ2 = 3.34, p = 0.068

Wald χ2 = 10.13, p = 0.002

Tumour grade

 

n = 112

n = 120

n = 232

Well

1

1

1

Moderate

0.58 (0.36–0.94)

0.95 (0.42–2.12)

0.77 (0.47–1.28)

Poor

0.75 (0.39–1.43)

1.25 (0.53–2.94)

1.02 (0.58–1.80)

 

Wald χ2 = 5.17, p = 0.075

Wald χ2 = 1.56, p = 0.460

Wald χ2 = 3.15 p = 0.207

Local invasion

 

n = 115

n = 122

n = 237

No

1

1

1

Yes

1.30 (0.86–1.97)

1.24 (0.85–1.81)

1.27 (0.96–1.68)

 

Wald χ2 = 1.56, p = 0.211

Wald χ2 = 1.20, p = 0.273

Wald χ2 = 5.06 p = 0.025

Maximum tumour diameter

 

n = 111

n = 118

n = 229

<30 mm

1

1

1

≥30 mm

1.28 (0.84–1.95)

1.36 (0.91–2.03)

1.33 (1.00–1.77)

 

Wald χ2 = 1.36, p = 0.244

Wald χ2 = 2.25, p = 0.134

Wald χ2 = 3.78 p = 0.052

Diabetes mellitus

 

n = 112

n = 121

n = 233

No

1

1

1

Yes

0.96 (0.54–1.69)

0.90 (0.55–1.49)

0.92 (0.64–1.33)

 

Wald χ2 = 0.02, p = 0.875

Wald χ2 = 0.20, p = 0.653

Wald χ2 = 0.18, p = 0.673

Gender

 

n = 115

n = 123

n = 238

Male

1

1

1

Female

1.19 (0.78–1.81)

1.20 (0.80–1.81)

1.19 (0.89–1.60)

 

Wald χ2 = 0.66, p = 0.418

Wald χ2 = 0.76, p = 0.383

Wald χ2 = 1.40, p = 0.237

Age, years

 

n = 115

n = 123

n = 238

≥64

1

1

1

<64

1.33 (0.87–2.02)

0.89 (0.60–1.33)

1.07 (0.81–1.42)

 

Wald χ2 = 1.74, p = 0.188

Wald χ2 = 0.32, p = 0.570

Wald χ2 = 0.23, p = 0.634

Smoking

 

n = 108

n = 113

n = 221

Never smoker

1

1

1

Ex-smoker

0.91 (0.57–1.46)

1.28 (0.82–1.98)

1.08 (0.79–1.49)

Current smoker

0.92 (0.52–1.62)

1.48 (0.77–2.85)

1.13 (0.74–1.73)

 

Wald χ2 = 0.17, p = 0.920

Wald χ2 = 1.94, p = 0.380

Wald χ2 = 0.42, p = 0.810

DPD expression

 

n = 115

n = 123

n = 238

Low

1

1

1

High

2.07 (1.22–3.53)

1.47 (0.91–2.37)

1.73 (1.21–2.49)

 

Wald χ2 = 7.22, p = 0.007

Wald χ2 = 2.43, p = 0.119

Wald χ2 = 8.86, p = 0.003

hENT1 expression

 

n = 113

n = 118

n = 231

Low

1

1

1

High

1.19 (0.80–1.78)

0.56 (0.38–0.82)

0.84 (0.63–1.12)

 

Wald χ2 = 0.74, p = 0.390

Wald χ2 = 8.98, p = 0.003

Wald χ2 = 1.44, p = 0.230

  1. Data in bold indicate significant relationships.