Table 1 Characteristics of studies meeting criteria for pooled childhood leukaemia and distance to power lines
From: Proximity to overhead power lines and childhood leukaemia: an international pooled analysis
Country (author, year) | Population (leukaemia) | Years of diagnosis | Age | Voltages (kV) | Home analysed | Homes with data Diagnosis (cases only) | Results (shortest distance category to reference) | Adjusted for |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Included: | Cases/controls | |||||||
Brazil (Wünsch-Filho et al., 2011)44 | 162/565 | 2001–2009 | 0–8 | 88, 138, 230, 345, 440, 750 | Diagnosis | Birth | COR (95% CI): 0.68 (0.25–1.84) | Age, sex, race, mobility, education, day care, Down’s syndrome, flu history, maternal age, maternal occupational history, maternal smoking and alcohol history |
Diagnosis | AOR (95% CI): 1.54 (0.26–9.12) | |||||||
Denmark (Pedersen et al., 2014)45 | 1698/3396 | 1968–2006 | 0–15 | 132, 150, 220, 400 | Birth | Birth | COR (95% CI): 0.76 (0.40–1.45) | Socioeconomic status |
AOR (95% CI): 0.76 (0.40–1.45) | ||||||||
France (Sermage-Faure et al., 2013)14 | 2712/29797 | 2002–2007 | 0–14 | 63, 90, 150, 225, 400 | Diagnosis | Diagnosis | AOR (95% CI): 1.2 (0.8–1.9) | Age, departement |
Italy 1 (Bianchi et al., 2000)46 | 119/476 | 1978–1997 | 0–14 | 132, 220, 380 | Diagnosis | Birth | NA—distance not assessed in publication | Age, sex |
Diagnosis | ||||||||
Italy 2 (Malagoli et al., 2010)47 | 46/184 | 1986–2007 | 0–14 | 132, 380 | Exposeda | Birth | NA—distance not assessed in publication | Age, sex, paternal and maternal education, paternal income |
Diagnosis | ||||||||
Norway (Tynes and Haldorsen, 1997)19 | 148/579 | 1965–1989 | 0–14 | 11, 18, 22, 24, 50, 60, 66, 132, 300, 420 | Exposeda | Birth | COR (95% CI): 0.6 (0.3–1.3) | |
Diagnosis | ||||||||
Sweden (Feychting anf Alhbom, 1993)18 | 39/151 | 1960–1985 | 0–16 | 20, 50, 70, 130, 220, 400 | Diagnosis | Birth | COR (95% CI): 2.9 (1.0–7.3) | |
Diagnosis | ||||||||
Switzerland (Spycher et al., 2011)[b 48 | 1109/5545 | 1985–2014 | 0–15 | 100, 150, 220, 380 | NA | Birth | NA—distance not assessed in publication | |
Diagnosis | ||||||||
Tasmania (Lowenthal et al., 2007)49 | 47/47 | 1972–1980 | 0–17 | 88, 110, 220 | All | Birth | NA—only adults assessed in publication | |
Diagnosis | ||||||||
United Kingdom (Bunch et al., 2014)50 | 17299/21059 | 1962–2008 | 0–14 | 132, 275, 400 | Birth | Birth | COR (95% CI): 1.00 (0.75–1.34) | |
United States (Crespi et al., 2016)15 | 4879/4835 | 1988–2008 | 0–15 | 60, 69, 70, 115, 138, 230, 288, 500 | Birth | Birth | AOR (95% CI): 1.4 (0.7–2.7) | Age, sex, race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status |
Not included: | Reason for non-inclusion | |||||||
Finland (Verkasalo et al., 1993)17 | Total = 134,800 | 1970–1989 | 0–19 | Exposed | OR (95% CI): 1.47 (0.33–6.60)c | Original data not found | ||
Japan (Kabuto et al., 2006)51 | 312/603 | 1999–2001 | 0–15 | Diagnosis | OR (95% CI): 3.06 (1.31–7.13) | Data not received |
