Table 1 Representative cytokine clinical trials
Cytokine | Agent | Main mode of action | Clinical trial |
|---|---|---|---|
IL-15 | ALT-803 IL-15+T or NK cells IL15+alemtuzumab IL15+rituximab | Expansion of NK and T lymphocytes | NCT02989844 NCT01875601 NCT02465957 NCT01385423 NCT1369888 NCT02689453 NCT02384954 |
IL-2 | NKTR-214+atezolizumab NKTR-214+nivolumab NKTR-214+nivolumab+ipilimumab Cergutuzumab amunaleukin+atezolizumab RO6874281+trastuzumab or cetuximab RO6874281+atezolizumab RO6874281+atezolizumab+bevacizumab | Expansion of NK and T lymphocytes | NCT03138889 NCT02983045 NCT03282344 NCT03435640 NCT02983045 NCT02350673 NCT02627274 NCT03386721 NCT03063762 NCT03063762 |
TNF-α | Nivolumab+ipilimumab+certolizumab or infliximab | Blockade of activation-immune cell death of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes | NCT03293784 |
IL-10 | Pegilodecakin+FOLFOX | Blockade of activation-immune cell death of tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes | NCT02923921 |
IL-12 | Transduced TILs Electroporated plasmid Electroporated plasmid+pembrolizumab | Promotion of NK cells and Th1 CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes | NCT01236573 NCT01579318 NCT00323206 NCT01502293 NCT02345330 NCT02493361 NCT03132675 |
TGF-β | Galunisertib+nivolumab Galunisertib+durvalumab Fresolimumab+radiotherapy M7824 (dual block of TGF-β and PD-L1) | Inflammation of immune-excluded tumours | NCT02423343 NCT02734160 NCT02581787 NCT03451773 NCT03451773 |
CSF-1 | Cabiralizumab+nivolumab Pexidartinib+durvalumab Pexidartinib+durvalumab or tremelimumab Pexidartinib+pembrolizumab | Suppression of tumour-associated myeloid cell | NCT03502330 NCT02777710 NCT02718911 NCT02452424 |
IL-8 | mAb anti-IL-8+nivolumab | Suppression of tumour-associated myeloid cell | NCT03400332 |
CCL2, CCL3 and CCL5 | CCR2/CCR5 inhibitor+nivolumab or chemotherapy | Suppression of tumour-associated myeloid cell | NCT03184870 |
VEGF | Bevacizumab+atezolizumab | Suppression of tumour-associated myeloid cell | NCT01984242 |
