Table 1 Characteristics of subcohort members categorized by history of kidney stones; the Netherlands Cohort Study on diet and cancer, 1986–2006

From: Kidney stones and the risk of renal cell carcinoma and upper tract urothelial carcinoma: the Netherlands Cohort Study

Baseline characteristicsa

Men

Women

Total

 

History of kidney stones

History of kidney stones

History of kidney stones

 

Yes

No

Yes

No

Yes

No

Number of persons, n %

267 (12.9)

1811 (87.2)

98 (4.3)

2176 (95.7)

365 (8.4)

3987 (91.6)

Exposures

Age at first kidney stone, y

42.2 (11.3)

—

43.0 (13.5)

—

43.0 (10.9)

—

Time since first occurrence of kidney stones, yb

19.2 (11.5)

—

19.8 (12.9)

—

18.8 (10.9)

—

Covariates

Age at baseline, y

60.9 (4.0)

61.3 (4.2)

62.3 (4.3)

61.5 (4.3)

61.3 (4.1)

61.4 (4.2)

BMI, kg/m2

25.2 (2.8)

25.0 (2.6)

24.9 (3.3)

25.1 (3.6)

25.1 (2.9)

25.1 (3.1)

Cigarette smoking status, n %

Never

39 (14.6)

250 (13.8)

58 (59.2)

1312 (60.3)

97 (26.6)

1562 (39.2)

Former

150 (56.2)

914 (50.5)

17 (17.4)

428 (19.7)

167 (45.8)

1342 (33.7)

Current

78 (29.2)

647 (35.7)

23 (23.5)

436 (20.0)

101 (27.7)

1083 (27.2)

Ever cigarette smokers only

Smoking duration, y

32.8 (11.6)

33.8 (11.7)

27.2 (14.0)

27.9 (12.3)

32.0 (12.1)

31.7 (12.2)

Smoking intensity, cig/d

17.4 (11.1)

17.1 (10.5)

13.0 (8.9)

11.7 (8.3)

16.7 (10.9)

15.2 (10.1)

Family history of renal cancer, n %

2 (0.8)

12 (0.7)

1 (1.0)

31 (1.4)

3 (0.8)

43 (1.1)

Hypertension, n %

67 (25.1)

425 (23.5)

31 (31.6)

641 (29.5)

98 (26.9)

1066 (26.7)

Diabetes mellitus, n %

7 (2.6)

64 (3.5)

6 (6.1)

86 (4.0)

13 (3.6)

150 (3.8)

Use of diuretic medication, n %

29 (10.9)

140 (7.7)

15 (15.3)

309 (14.2)

44 (12.1)

449 (11.3)

Fluid intake, L/d

1.5 (0.5)

1.5 (0.5)

1.3 (0.4)

1.3 (0.4)

1.4 (0.5)

1.4 (0.4)

Alcohol intake, g/dc

17.1 (16.1)

17.6 (17.2)

8.1 (10.3)

8.7 (10.4)

15.0 (15.4)

13.4 (15.1)

Sodium intake, g/d

2.6 (0.9)

2.6 (0.9)

2.1 (0.7)

2.1 (0.7)

2.5 (0.9)

2.3 (0.8)

Fruit intake, g/d

157.3 (118.6)

153.7 (115.4)

196.5 (121.3)

194.6 (123.2)

167.8 (120.4)

176.1 (121.4)

Vegetable intake, g/d

194.1 (78.5)

190.9 (87)

202.0 (94.7)

192.8 (82.9)

196.2 (83.1)

191.9 (84.8)

  1. aData represent mean values (SD); for categorical variables N (%) is presented. Numbers may not add up to 100% as a result of missing values. Solely participants with complete information on the main exposures and the a priori selected confounders are presented in this table
  2. bTime between reported age of first kidney stone occurrence and age at baseline
  3. cIn consumers only
Back to article page