Table 1 Means and proportions for selected baseline characteristics of localised prostate cancer patients on active surveillance by baseline diet quality scorea (n = 411)

From: Diet quality and Gleason grade progression among localised prostate cancer patients on active surveillance

Characteristicsb

Low diet quality (34.8–63.3)

Med diet quality (63.3–72.7)

High diet quality (72.9–95.1)

P valuec

N

137

137

137

 

Demographics

    

 Age (years)

62.5 (7.8)

65.0 (8.6)

65.7 (8.4)

<0.01

 Race, N (%)

   

0.30

   White

110 (80.3)

116 (84.7)

115 (83.9)

 

   Black

16 (11.7)

10 (7.3)

7 (5.1)

 

   Other/unknown

11 (8.0)

11 (8.0)

15 (10.9)

 

Clinical features

    

 Baseline Gleason score, N (%)

   

0.09

   Gleason 6

125 (91.2)

121 (88.3)

113 (82.5)

 

   Gleason 7

12 (8.8)

16 (11.7)

24 (17.5)

 

 PSA (ng/mL)

4.3 (2.3)

4.1 (2.7)

4.0 (2.7)

0.67

 Summation tumour length (mm)d

3.1 (4.0)

3.8 (5.4)

3.6 (5.5)

0.58

 Baseline core positivitye, N (%)

   

0.22

   Single

104 (75.9)

92 (67.2)

102 (74.5)

 

   Multiple

33 (24.1)

45 (32.8)

35 (25.5)

 

Lifestyle and health history

    

 Clinical T stage, N (%)

   

0.78

   cT1

123 (89.8)

121 (88.3)

117 (85.4)

 

   cT2a

12 (8.8)

15 (10.9)

18 (13.1)

 

   cT2b or cT2c

2 (1.5)

1 (0.8)

2 (1.5)

 

 BMI (kg/m2)

29.3 (4.6)

28.4 (4.1)

27.9 (4.0)

0.02

 Total energy intake (kcal/day)

2580 (1179)

2381 (935)

2132 (766)

<0.01

 Alcohol intake level (drinks/week)

   

0.06

   None

42 (30.7)

33 (24.1)

37 (27.0)

 

    0.1–4.1

59 (43.1)

47 (34.3)

44 (32.1)

 

    4.1–57.0

36 (26.3)

57 (41.6)

56 (40.1)

 

 Smoking status

   

0.28

   Ever

84 (61.3)

71 (51.8)

78 (56.9)

 

   Never

53 (38.7)

66 (48.2)

59 (43.1)

 

 Statin use

   

0.68

   Yes

59 (43.1)

57 (41.6)

64 (46.7)

 

   No

78 (56.9)

80 (58.4)

73 (53.3)

 

 Hypertension

   

0.93

   Yes

70 (51.1)

67 (48.9)

68 (49.6)

 

   No

67 (48.9)

70 (51.1)

69 (50.4)

 

 Diabetes mellitus

   

0.59

   Yes

20 (14.6)

17 (12.4)

23 (16.8)

 

   No

117 (85.4)

120 (87.6)

114 (83.2)

 

 Testosterone (ng/dL)

   

0.27

  <350

59 (43.1)

54 (39.4)

46 (33.6)

 

  ≥350

78 (56.9)

83 (60.6)

91 (66.4)

 
  1. BMI body mass index, ANOVA analysis of variance, PSA prostate-specific antigen, HEI Healthy Eating Index
  2. aDiet quality is defined by the HEI-2015 score categorised into tertiles
  3. bPresented as mean and standard deviation, unless otherwise specified N (%). Sum of percentages may not add up to 100% due to rounding
  4. cStatistical analyses were performed by ANOVA test for continuous variables and by χ2 test for categorical variables
  5. dBaseline tumour length (sum of tumour length from diagnostic and confirmatory biopsies)
  6. eNumber of positive cores detected on the diagnostic biopsy
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