Table 3 The association between coffee type and digestive cancer within the UK Biobank
From: Coffee consumption by type and risk of digestive cancer: a large prospective cohort study
Most common type of coffee used | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Non-use | Decaffeinated | Instant | Ground | Other types | Heterogeneity pa | |
n | 104,465 | 69,363 | 201,912 | 82,865 | 6674 | |
Oesophageal cancer | ||||||
Cases | 74 | 53 | 166 | 46 | 7 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.91 (0.64, 1.30) | 1.03 (0.78, 1.36) | 0.76 (0.52, 1.09) | 1.43 (0.66, 3.11) | 0.18 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 1.27 (0.82, 1.98) | 1.12 (0.78, 1.59) | 1.08 (0.78, 1.59) | 1.58 (0.56, 4.41) | 0.63 |
Oesophageal squamous cell carcinoma | ||||||
Cases | 15 | 14 | 36 | 8 | <5 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 1.21 (0.58, 2.52) | 1.12 (0.61, 2.05) | 0.65 (0.27, 1.54) | 2.04 (0.46, 8.92) | 0.54 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 1.27 (0.46, 3.51) | 1.16 (0.52, 2.58) | 1.03 (0.38, 2.83) | 4.17 (0.89,19.46) | 0.87 |
Oesophageal adenocarcinoma | ||||||
Cases | 55 | 36 | 122 | 35 | 6 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.54, 1.26) | 1.01 (0.73, 1.39) | 0.77 (0.50, 1.18) | 1.64 (0.71, 3.83) | 0.60 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 1.33 (0.79, 2.24) | 1.18 (0.78, 1.80) | 1.17 (0.69, 1.97) | 1.65 (0.50, 5.41) | 0.63 |
Gastric cancer | ||||||
Cases | 65 | 29 | 117 | 31 | <5 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.57 (0.37, 0.88) | 0.83 (0.61, 1.12) | 0.59 (0.38, 0.90) | 0.93 (0.34, 2.56) | 0.13 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.88 (0.52, 1.48) | 1.04 (0.70, 1.52) | 0.87 (0.52, 1.45) | 0.90 (0.22, 3.76) | 0.69 |
Small intestinal cancer | ||||||
Cases | 14 | 11 | 35 | 12 | <5 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 1.04 (0.47, 2.30) | 1.18 (0.63, 2.20) | 1.06 (0.49, 2.29) | 2.20 (0.50, 9.70) | 0.82 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 1.70 (0.65, 4.41) | 1.07 (0.46, 2.51) | 1.16 (0.42, 3.15) | 4.39 (0.93, 20.8) | 0.34 |
Colon cancer | ||||||
Cases | 320 | 220 | 650 | 223 | 22 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.90 (0.76, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 0.86 (0.72, 1.02) | 1.05 (0.68, 1.62) | 0.51 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.78, 1.17) | 0.91 (0.77, 1.07) | 0.84 (0.68, 1.04) | 1.21 (0.73, 2.02) | 0.50 |
Rectal and anal cancer | ||||||
Cases | 176 | 103 | 371 | 119 | 8 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.77 (0.61, 0.99) | 0.99 (0.83, 1.19) | 0.83 (0.66, 1.05) | 0.69 (0.34, 1.42) | 0.06 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.83 (0.62, 1.11) | 0.95 (0.76, 1.18) | 0.80 (0.60, 1.05) | 0.56 (0.20, 1.53) | 0.39 |
Liver cancer | ||||||
Cases | 48 | 23 | 80 | 26 | <5 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.62 (0.37, 1.02) | 0.77 (0.54, 1.11) | 0.67 (0.41, 1.07) | 0.95 (0.29, 3.06) | 0.72 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.82 (0.45, 1.49) | 0.91 (0.59, 1.41) | 0.84 (0.47, 1.50) | 0.58 (0.07, 4.24) | 0.92 |
Hepatocellular carcinoma | ||||||
Cases | 26 | 11 | 37 | 11 | <5 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.54 (0.27, 1.10) | 0.66 (0.40, 1.09) | 0.52 (0.25, 1.05) | 1.17 (0.28, 4.95) | 0.71 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.59 (0.25, 1.37) | 0.51 (0.28, 0.93) | 0.47 (0.20, 1.08) | Too small | 0.53 |
Intrahepatic bile duct carcinoma | ||||||
Cases | 16 | 9 | 33 | 12 | <5 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.32, 1.64) | 0.95 (0.52, 1.73) | 0.92 (0.43, 1.94) | 0.95 (0.12, 7.17) | 0.91 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.97 (0.38, 2.43) | 1.27 (0.63, 2.55) | 1.46 (0.63, 3.35) | 1.48 (0.19,11.54) | 0.91 |
Gallbladder and extrahepatic bile duct carcinoma | ||||||
Cases | 14 | 25 | 34 | 18 | <5 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 2.28 (1.18, 4.39) | 1.11 (0.60, 2.08) | 1.57 (0.78, 3.16) | 2.17 (0.78, 3.16) | 0.06 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 2.44 (1.10, 5.38) | 1.33 (0.63, 2.82) | 1.84 (0.77, 4.44) | Too small | 0.11 |
Pancreatic cancer | ||||||
Cases | 81 | 46 | 178 | 69 | <5 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.72 (0.50, 1.03) | 1.00 (0.77, 1.31) | 1.04 (0.75, 1.43) | 0.93 (0.37, 2.30) | 0.17 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.66 (0.43, 1.03) | 0.95 (0.69, 1.29) | 0.99 (0.68, 1.45) | 0.81 (0.25, 2.60) | 0.31 |
All digestive cancers | ||||||
Cases | 784 | 507 | 1614 | 536 | 53 | |
Unadjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.84 (0.75, 0.94) | 0.96 (0.88, 1.04) | 0.84 (0.75, 0.93) | 1.03 (0.78, 1.36) | 0.007 |
Adjusted HR | 1.00 | 0.95 (0.83, 1.09) | 0.97 (0.87, 1.07) | 0.89 (0.78, 1.02) | 1.03 (0.72, 1.47) | 0.61 |
