Table 2 Multivariable flexible parametric regression - hazard ratio (with 95% CI) (n = 500)

From: Using prognostic and predictive clinical features to make personalised survival prediction in advanced hepatocellular carcinoma patients undergoing sorafenib treatment

Variables

Hazard ratio

p value

Vascular invasion

    No

1 (reference group)

 

    Yes

1.387 (1.087, 1.770)

0.008

Age centred at 60 years – No vascular invasion

0.977 (0.966, 0.989)

<0.0001

Age centred at 60 years – With vascular invasion

1.007 (0.992, 1.022)

0.353

ECOG

    0

1 (reference group)

 

    1

1.576 (1.263, 1.967)

<0.0001

Log (AFP (ng/ml))

1.087 (1.052, 1.123)

<0.0001

Albumin (g/l)

0.946 (0.925, 0.968)

<0.0001

Log (creatinine (µmol/L))

2.032 (1.301, 3.174)

0.002

Log (AST (U/L))

1.418 (1.172, 1.716)

<0.0001

Extra-hepatic spread

    No

1 (reference group)

 

    Yes

1.348 (1.038, 1.749)

0.025

Aetiology

    HCV

1 (reference group)

 

    HBV

1.692 (1.210, 2.366)

0.002

    Other

1.661 (1.195, 2.308)

0.003

   γ1

11.766 (7.554, 18.327)

<0.0001

   γ2

1.120 (1.075, 1.167)

<0.0001

γ0 (constant)

2.84 × 10−4 (2.8 × 10-5, 2.87 × 10−3)

<0.0001

  1. γ1 and γ2 are the basis functions of the restricted cubic spline (based here on 2 df). γ0 is log λ, where λ is the scale parameter.
  2. AFP alpha-fetoprotein, AST aspartate aminotransferase, ECOG Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group, g/l grams per litre, HBV hepatitis B, HCV hepatitis C, INR international normalised ratio, µmol/L micromoles per litre.
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