Table 1 Characteristics of the participants in the training and validation cohorts.
Variable | Training cohort | P | Validation cohort | P | P* | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
High TSP (N = 133) | Low TSP (N = 220) | High TSP (N = 66) | Low TSP (N = 111) | ||||
Age, median (IQR) | 61 (51−68) | 59 (51−65.75) | 0.209 | 57 (47−64.25) | 60 (50−68) | 0.161 | 0.315 |
Sex, no. (%) | |||||||
Male | 76 (57.1) | 72 (64.5) | 0.166 | 40 (60.6) | 69 (62.2) | 0.837 | 0.969 |
Female | 57 (42.9) | 41 (35.5) | 26 (39.4) | 42 (37.8) | |||
Tumour location, no. (%) | |||||||
Rectum | 51 (38.3) | 87 (39.5) | 0.823 | 25 (37.9) | 39 (35.1) | 0.713 | 0.512 |
Colon | 82 (61.7) | 133 (60.5) | 41 (62.1) | 72 (64.9) | |||
Preoperative tumour differentiation, no. (%) | |||||||
Well | 172 (78.2) | 91 (68.4) | 0.065 | 31 (47.0) | 52 (46.8) | 0.995 | <0.001 |
Moderate | 41 (18.6) | 32 (24.1) | 30 (45.5) | 51 (45.9) | |||
Poor and undifferentiated | 7 (3.2) | 10 (7.5) | 5 (7.6) | 8 (7.2) | |||
Preoperative histological type, no. (%) | |||||||
Adenocarcinoma | 128 (96.2) | 218 (99.1) | 0.109 | 64 (97.0) | 109 (98.2) | 0.630 | 0.478 |
Mucinous | 5 (3.8) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (3.0) | 2 (1.8) | |||
CT-reported tumour size, no. (%) | |||||||
≤4 cm | 67 (50.4) | 109 (49.5) | 0.880 | 38 (57.6) | 57 (51.4) | 0.422 | 0.407 |
>4 cm | 66 (49.6) | 111 (50.5) | 28 (42.4) | 54 (48.6) | |||
CT-reported T stage, no. (%) | |||||||
T1 and T2 | 15 (11.3) | 44 (20.0) | 0.033 | 8 (12.1) | 20 (18.0) | 0.299 | 0.793 |
T3 and T4 | 118 (88.7) | 176 (80.0) | 58 (87.9) | 91 (91.0) | |||
CT-reported LN status, no. (%) | |||||||
Negative | 45 (33.8) | 88 (40.0) | 0.247 | 28 (42.4) | 57 (51.4) | 0.250 | 0.022 |
Positive | 88 (66.2) | 132 (60.0) | 38 (57.6) | 54 (48.6) | |||
CEA level, no. (%) | |||||||
Normal | 87 (65.4) | 153 (69.5) | 0.420 | 44 (66.7) | 77 (69.4) | 0.708 | 0.931 |
Elevated | 46 (34.6) | 67 (30.5) | 22 (33.3) | 34 (30.6) | |||
CA 19-9 level, no. (%) | |||||||
Normal | 105 (78.9) | 188 (85.5) | 0.115 | 56 (84.8) | 93 (83.8) | 0.851 | 0.731 |
Elevated | 28 (21.1) | 32 (14.5) | 10 (15.2) | 18 (16.2) | |||
Pathological T stage, no. (%) | |||||||
T1 | 4 (3.0) | 13 (5.9) | 0.017 | 1 (1.5) | 6 (5.4) | 0.036 | 0.631 |
T2 | 17 (12.8) | 47 (21.4) | 5 (7.6) | 21 (18.9) | |||
T3 | 23 (17.3) | 50 (22.7) | 14 (21.2) | 29 (26.1) | |||
T4 | 89 (66.9) | 110 (50.0) | 46 (69.7) | 55 (49.5) | |||
LN metastasis, no. (%) | |||||||
No | 36 (27.1) | 169 (76.8) | <0.001 | 22 (33.3) | 85 (76.6) | <0.001 | 0.600 |
Yes | 97 (72.9) | 51 (23.2) | 44 (66.7) | 26 (23.4) | |||
Postoperative tumour differentiation, no. (%) | |||||||
Well | 9 (6.8) | 32 (14.5) | 0.138 | 3 (4.5) | 12 (10.8) | 0.347 | 0.253 |
Moderate | 104 (78.2) | 155 (70.5) | 49 (74.2) | 78 (70.3) | |||
Poor and undifferentiated | 20 (15.0) | 33 (15.0) | 14 (21.2) | 21 (18.9) | |||
Postoperative histological type, no. (%) | |||||||
Adenocarcinoma | 121 (91.0) | 197 (89.5) | 0.663 | 62 (93.9) | 102 (91.9) | 0.309 | 0.051 |
Mucinous | 12 (9.0) | 23 (10.5) | 4 (6.1) | 7 (6.3) | |||
Signet-ring cell | 0 | 0 | 0 | 2 (1.8) | |||
Number of harvested LNs, median (IQR) | 26 (18−39) | 26 (16.5−38) | 0.673 | 20 (15–29) | 21 (17–29) | 0.951 | <0.001 |
