Table 2 Univariate analysis of clinicopathological variables associated with recurrence-free survival and overall survival in discovery cohort.
Variable | Recurrence-free survival | Overall survival | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
HR (95% CI) | P | HR (95% CI) | P | |
Sex | ||||
Female | 1.0 (reference) | 0.195 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.117 |
Male | 1.3 (0.9–1.9) | 1.4 (0.9–2.1) | ||
Age at surgery, y | ||||
<70 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.634 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.974 |
≥70 | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | ||
Smoking history | ||||
No | 1.0 (reference) | 0.53 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.311 |
Yes | 1.2 (0.7–2.2) | 1.4 (0.7–2.5) | ||
Drinking history | ||||
No | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
Yes | 1.2 (0.6–2.4) | 0.542 | 1.2 (0.6–2.3) | 0.671 |
Diabetes mellitus | ||||
No | 1.0 (reference) | 0.176 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.194 |
Yes | 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.2) | ||
First clinical symptom (abdominal pain) | ||||
No | 1.0 (reference) | 0.674 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.821 |
Yes | 0.9 (0.6–1.4) | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | ||
First clinical symptom (jaundice) | ||||
No | 1.0 (reference) | 0.796 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.961 |
Yes | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | ||
CEA at diagnosis, ng/mL | ||||
Normal | 1.0 (reference) | 0.095 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.081 |
Elevated | 1.4 (0.9–2.2) | 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | ||
CA19-9 at diagnosis, U/mL | ||||
Normal | 1.0 (reference) | 0.102 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.074 |
Elevated | 1.5 (0.9–2.5) | 1.7 (1.0–2.9) | ||
Pancreatectomy type | ||||
Distal pancreatectomy | 1.0 (reference) | 0.947 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.833 |
Pancreaticoduodenectomy | 1.0 (0.7–1.5) | 1.0 (0.7–1.6) | ||
Radiologic tumour size, cm | ALL | 0.049 | ALL | 0.026 |
≤2 | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
>2, ≤4 | 1.7 (1.1–2.8) | 0.029 | 1.9 (1.1–3.2) | 0.018 |
>4 | 2.0 (1.1–3.7) | 0.031 | 2.2 (1.2–4.5) | 0.012 |
Differentiation degree | ||||
Poor | 1.0 (reference) | 0.845 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.267 |
Medium/well | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | ||
Perineural invasion | ||||
No (%) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.901 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.731 |
Yes (%) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) | ||
Pathological margin status | ||||
R0 (%) | 1.0 (reference) | 0.091 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.099 |
R1 (%) | 1.5 (0.9–2.3) | 1.5 (0.9–2.4) | ||
Nodal involvement | ||||
0 (%) | 1.0 (reference) | <0.001 | 1.0 (reference) | <0.001 |
≥1, ≤3 (%) | 2.2 (1.5–3.3) | 2.5 (1.6–3.9) | ||
≥4 (%) | 9.1 (3.6–23.0) | 15.2 (5.7–40.3) | ||
Pathological stage (AJCC, 8th edition) | ALL | <0.001 | ALL | <0.001 |
IA | 1.0 (reference) | 1.0 (reference) | ||
IB | 1.6 (0.8–3.2) | 0.15 | 2.1 (0.9–4.6) | 0.069 |
IIA | 2.1 (1.0–4.6) | 0.063 | 3.0 (1.2–7.2) | 0.016 |
IIB | 3.4 (1.8–6.5) | <0.001 | 5.0 (2.3–10.8) | <0.001 |
III | 15.8 (5.7–43.9) | <0.001 | 31.2 (10.0–98.0) | <0.001 |
Adjuvant chemotherapy | ||||
No | 1.0 (reference) | 0.083 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.259 |
Yes | 2.4 (0.9–6.6) | 1.8 (0.7–4.9) | ||
KRAS mutation in ctDNA | ||||
No | 1.0 (reference) | 0.001 | 1.0 (reference) | 0.002 |
Yes | 2.2 (1.4–3.4) | 2.1 (1.3–3.5) | ||
KRAS G12D mutation in ctDNA | ||||
No | 1.0 (reference) | <0.001 | 1.0 (reference) | <0.001 |
Yes | 4.6 (2.5–8.6) | 3.5 (1.9–6.5) | ||
