Fig. 2: Forest plot of summary risk estimates in different types of cancers.

The forest plot shows the RRs of different types of cancers comparing individuals using bisphosphonates to those without bisphosphonates. The types of cancers and the number of corresponding studies are shown in the figure. Each small rhombuses represents the RR for each type of cancer, with the location of the rhombuses representing both the direction and magnitude of the effect size and the horizontal line representing their 95% CIs. The square represents the weight of studies of each type of cancer. The hollow rhombus represents the pooled RRs. The maximally adjusted risk estimates with 95% CIs were pooled by using random-effect models to obtain a more conservative outcome. The heterogeneity among studies was evaluated by using the Cochraneʼs Q statistic and the I² statistic, corresponding to the values of P for heterogeneity and I² in the figure. RR risk ratio; CI confidence interval.