Fig. 1: SUMOylation: a tightly balanced attachment of SUMOs to substrates.
From: The SUMO pathway in pancreatic cancer: insights and inhibition
Small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) proteins 1–3 undergo a maturation step, followed by an ATP-dependent SUMO transfer to the SUMO1-activating enzyme subunit 1 (SAE1)–SAE2 heterodimer and subsequent transfer to UBC9. UBC9 with contribution of E3 ligases transfers SUMOs to protein targets. The canonical functions of the pathway are depicted.
