Table 1 Cysteine metabolism-related players in cancer.
From: Cysteine metabolic circuitries: druggable targets in cancer
Enzymes | Cancer-related alterations | Refs. |
|---|---|---|
Cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) | ||
↑ CDO: | ||
- Good prognosis | ||
- Bad prognosis | ||
- ROS production | ||
- Toxicity | ||
- ↓ OXPHOS | ||
- Ferroptosis inhibition | ||
↓ CDO: | ||
- Poor prognosis | ||
- Drug resistance | ||
Cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) | ||
↑ CBS: | ||
- Cancer malignancy | ||
- ↓ ROS production | ||
- ↑ OXPHOS | ||
- ↑ Proliferation | ||
- ↑ Migration | ||
- ↑ Angiogenesis | ||
- Ferroptosis inhibition | ||
Cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE) | ||
↑ CSE: | ||
- Cancer malignancy | ||
- ↑ Angiogenesis | ||
- Apoptosis inhibition | ||
3-Mercaptopyruvate sulphurtransferase (3-MST) | ||
↑ 3-MST: | ||
- Cancer malignancy | ||
- ↑ OXPHOS | ||
Cysteine desulphurase (NFS1) | ||
↑ NFS1: | ||
- Ferroptosis inhibition | ||
↓ NFS1: | ||
- Chemoresistance | ||
Sulphide:quinone oxidoreductase (SQR) | ||
↑ SQR: | ||
- Hypoxia related | ||
↓ SQR: | ||
- ↓ OXPHOS | ||
Transporters | Cancer-related alterations | Refs. |
Alanine-serine-cysteine transporters 1 (ASCT1; SLC1A4) | ||
↑ ASCT1: | ||
- Cancer malignancy | ||
- ↑ Glutamine metabolism | ||
Alanine-serine-cysteine transporters 2 (ASCT2; SLC1A5) | ||
↑ ASCT2: | ||
- Cancer malignancy | ||
- ↑ Glutamine metabolism | ||
Excitatory amino acid transporter 3 (EAAT3; SLC1A1) | ||
↑ EAAT3: | ||
- Cancer malignancy | ||
- Chemoresistance | ||
Neutral and basic amino acid transporter (RBAT; SLC3A1) | ||
↑ RBAT: | ||
- ↓ ROS | ||
- ↑ Cancer cell survival | ||
xc− transport system (xCT; SLC7A11) | ||
↑ xCT: | ||
- Cancer malignancy | ||
- Chemoresistance | ||
- ↓ ROS | ||
- Ferroptosis inhibition | ||
↓ xCT: | ||
- TSP activation | ||
