Fig. 2: Effects of nintedanib on CAFs and ICC cells.

a Nintedanib inhibits the proliferation of CAFs concentration-dependently (n = 5). *P < 0.01. b Nintedanib inhibits the proliferation of HuCCT1 and RBE only at high concentrations (n = 5). *P < 0.01. c α-SMA expression in CAFs treated with nintedanib is evaluated by western blotting. CAFs were pre-activated with 5 ng ml−1 TGF-b1. β-actin is used as the loading control. *P < 0.01.