Fig. 2: Host dysbiosis negatively impacts intestinal IL-9-producing T cells.
From: Host dysbiosis negatively impacts IL-9-producing T-cell differentiation and antitumour immunity
Specific pathogen-free C57BL/6 mice received an antibiotic cocktail twice a day by gavage for 4 weeks (ABX), or were left untreated (control). Microbiota depletion in faecal pellets was evaluated by thioglycolate culture (a) and bacterial 16 S V2 DNA load (b) at the end of treatment. The total RNA was extracted from the colon, and relative expression of TGF-β (c) and IL-4 (d) was determined by real-time qPCR. Colonic lamina propria cells from control and ABX mice were extracted and stimulated with PMA (50 ng/ml), ionomycin (500 ng/ml) and Brefeldin A (5 μg/ml) for 4 h at 37 °C and 5% CO2, and analysed by flow cytometry (e) to determine the frequency of IL-9-producing CD4 + (f) and CD8 + (g) T cells. Data are shown as mean ± SD. Unpaired Student’s t test was used for statistical analysis.
