Fig. 1: GREM1 expression is upregulated in human breast cancer.

a Expression levels of GREM1 in human breast cancer cells. MCF-10A cells were used as a normal control. The protein expression was determined by immunoblot analysis. b Oncomine plots of GREM1 mRNA levels in two sets of data, TCGA Beast and Ma Breast 4. TCGA Breast [Group 1, normal breast (n = 61); Group 2, invasive breast carcinoma (n = 76)]. Ma Breast 4 [Group 1, normal breast (n = 14); Group 2, invasive ductal breast carcinoma (n = 9); Group 3, ductal breast carcinoma in situ (n = 11)]. P, P value; FC, fold change. c Representative immunostains for GREM1 expression in normal, ER-positive breast and ER-negative breast cancer tissues. The human breast cancer tissue microarray and haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) images were provided by US Biomax Inc. (Cat# BR1009). Scale bar = 200 μm.