Fig. 4: Induction of apoptosis in MPNST cells following treatment with Ref-1 and STAT3 inhibitors.

Annexin-V/ PI staining of NF90.8 cells (a) treated with APX2009 (72 h) or Napa (48 h) at an indicated concentration (n = 3 ± SE; unpaired one-tailed t test *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01, ***P < 0.001). Annexin-V/PI staining of ST88-14 cells (b) after APX2009 or Napa treatment (48 h). The populations of early apoptotic cells (Annexin-V alone, blue) and the late apoptotic cells (Annexin-V and PI, red) are plotted in the graph in comparison to DMSO control (n = 3 ± SE, *P < 0.05, **P < 0.01). To monitor Caspase 3/7 activity, the Incucyte live imaging system was used in NF90-8 (c, d) and ST88-14 cells (e, f) after treatment with APX2009 (n = 4) and Napa (*P < 0.05, compared to the slope of vehicle control, n = 6). The increase in red fluorescence was normalised to % confluency. Western blots showing cleavage of PARP1, Caspase-3 and Caspase-7 in NF90-8 and ST88-14 cells following 48 h of treatment with Ref-1 inhibitors (g) and Napa (h, normalisation to total protein).