Fig. 3: Representation of individual bacterial species (composing gut flora) that might influence checkpoint inhibitor-based immunotherapy (non-exhaustive list).
From: Cancer immunotherapy: it’s time to better predict patients’ response
Bifidobacterium longum, Collinsella aerofaciens, Alistipes putredinis and Prevotella copri have been shown to be associated with a more favourable response to anti-PD-L1 therapy. Patients enriched for Faecalibacterium prausnitzii responded better to anti-CTLA-4 therapy. Although the reasons are still unknown, some bacterial species (e.g. Roseburia intestinalis, Ruminococcus obeum) or families (e.g. Bacteroides) are associated with a poor response to anti-CTLA-4 or anti-PD-L1 therapy.
