Fig. 2: Summary of the putative mechanisms of therapeutic microbiota on gut microbiome homeostasis and colorectal cancer carcinogenesis by immune-mediated and non-immune-mediated mechanisms. | British Journal of Cancer

Fig. 2: Summary of the putative mechanisms of therapeutic microbiota on gut microbiome homeostasis and colorectal cancer carcinogenesis by immune-mediated and non-immune-mediated mechanisms.

From: The gut microbiome: what the oncologist ought to know

Fig. 2

Therapeutic microbiota may potential CRC prevention through (1) enhancement of gut barrier function, (2) immunomodulation (activation of DCs, macrophages, tumour CXCR4 and MHC-1, systemic Th7/T-reg immune response) and modulation of oxidative stress to reduce colonic inflammation and increase immune-mediated anti-tumour activity, (3) promotion of an advantageous gut microenvironment that inhibits pathogenic bacterial colonisation, (4) selective cytotoxicity to tumour cells. SCFA short-chain fatty acids, CXCR4 CXC cytokine receptor 4, MHC-1 major histocompatibility complex class I, Th17 T helper cell 17, T-reg, T-regulatory cell, NF-κB, nuclear factor-kappa light-chain enhancer of activated B cells, STAT3 signal transducer and activator of transcription 3. Created with BioRender.com.

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