Fig. 3: HOXB9 regulates various tumour metastasis- and cancer stem cell (CSC) growth-related genes via transforming growth factor beta (TGFβ) signalling.
From: Insights into homeobox B9: a propeller for metastasis in dormant prostate cancer progenitor cells
Du-145-GFP cells were stably transfected with myc-coupled vectors expressing HOXB9. a Semi-quantitative PCR was carried out to determine the mRNA expression of HOXB9, TGFβ2, CD44, MMP9, CD24, TGFβ1, Smad1, Smad2, osteopontin (SPP1) and CD133. GAPDH was used as an internal control. b Western blot analysis was performed to determine the protein levels of total Smad1, phospho (p)-Smad1, Smad2, p-Smad2, HOXB9, SPP1 and MMP9 in HOXB9-overexpressed Du-145-GFP cells, in the absence or presence of TGFβ inhibitor SD208 (5 μM) for 2 h. β-actin was used as an internal control. c HOXB9, TGFβ2, CD44, CD24 and CD133 protein levels were determined in Du-145-GFP cells with HOXB9 knockdown. d HOXB9, TGFβ2, total Smad2, p-Smad2 and CD44 protein levels were determined in Du-145-GFP cells with CD44 knockdown. An empty vector was used as a negative control.
