Fig. 5: Identifying heterogeneity in immune checkpoint molecule expression and transcriptomics in CCA organoids.

Flow cytometry was performed to determine the expression of co-inhibitory and co-stimulatory immune molecules in CCA organoid lines. Histograms show expression on three CCA organoid lines without (blue) or with (red) IFN-γ stimulation (a). Results depicted as the percentage of cells expressing the proteins in organoids without and with IFN-γ stimulation (b). RNA sequencing data of CCA1 was compared to CCA2 and CCA3 to determine differentially expressed genes. Top 1000 genes with the highest 2log (fold change) were inserted into the DAVID tool to perform gene set enrichment analysis using the Gene Ontology: Biological Processes (GO:BP) database. The 10 GO:BP with the lowest FDR are displayed (c). Blue bars represent enrichment scores, black diamonds represent FDR values.