Table 2 Descriptive characteristics and mean pollutant levels of CPS-II Nutrition Cohort participants at baselinea
Variable | Categories | Subjects | Pollutant exposure | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 108,002 | PM2.5 (μg/m3) | PM10 (μg/m3) | PM10-2.5 (μg/m3) | NO2 (ppb) | O3 (ppb) | SO2 (ppb) | CO (ppm) | ||
n (%) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | Mean (SD) | ||
Age | |||||||||
<55 | 9203 (8.5) | 15.54 (3.69) | 27.61 (7.07) | 12.07 (5.18) | 16.37 (7.46) | 52.39 (8.24) | 6.15 (2.93) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
55 to <60 | 24,077 (22.3) | 15.23 (3.77) | 27.36 (7.06) | 12.13 (5.13) | 15.75 (7.24) | 51.3 (8.13) | 5.85 (2.93) | 0.65 (0.29) | |
60 to <65 | 30,220 (28) | 15.33 (3.81) | 27.52 (7.19) | 12.19 (5.19) | 15.86 (7.32) | 51.16 (8.14) | 5.82 (2.97) | 0.66 (0.29) | |
65 to <70 | 27,182 (25.2) | 15.51 (3.86) | 27.84 (7.43) | 12.33 (5.38) | 15.96 (7.47) | 51.06 (8.15) | 5.84 (3.01) | 0.67 (0.30) | |
70+ | 17,320 (16) | 15.59 (3.86) | 28.18 (7.76) | 12.59 (5.65) | 15.92 (7.68) | 50.66 (8.29) | 5.65 (2.96) | 0.68 (0.31) | |
Sex | |||||||||
Male | 51,066 (47.3) | 15.40 (3.81) | 27.64 (7.31) | 12.24 (5.31) | 15.91 (7.39) | 51.26 (8.17) | 5.84 (2.96) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
Female | 56,936 (52.7) | 15.42 (3.82) | 27.71 (7.31) | 12.28 (5.30) | 15.91 (7.43) | 51.13 (8.19) | 5.83 (2.98) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
Race | |||||||||
White | 104,856 (97.1) | 15.37 (3.79) | 27.56 (7.18) | 12.19 (5.22) | 15.80 (7.32) | 51.23 (8.19) | 5.85 (2.96) | 0.66 (0.29) | |
Black | 1581 (1.5) | 16.76 (3.38) | 29.22 (6.63) | 12.46 (4.80) | 18.05 (7.68) | 51.21 (7.99) | 6.36 (3.12) | 0.73 (0.31) | |
Other | 1565 (1.4) | 17.03 (5.09) | 34.09 (12.00) | 17.06 (8.24) | 21.00 (10.57) | 49.04 (7.96) | 4.07 (2.78) | 0.93 (0.40) | |
Education | |||||||||
High school or less | 32,780 (30.4) | 15.20 (3.71) | 27.31 (6.71) | 12.12 (4.84) | 15.02 (7.26) | 51.48 (8.10) | 6.19 (2.99) | 0.62 (0.29) | |
Some college | 31,265 (28.9) | 15.38 (3.93) | 28.15 (7.90) | 12.77 (5.66) | 16.07 (7.68) | 50.60 (8.12) | 5.56 (2.94) | 0.68 (0.31) | |
College grad | 43,957 (40.7) | 15.60 (3.80) | 27.62 (7.29) | 12.02 (5.34) | 16.47 (7.27) | 51.40 (8.27) | 5.76 (2.94) | 0.68 (0.29) | |
Marital status | |||||||||
Single | 1656 (1.5) | 15.89 (3.42) | 28.11 (6.40) | 12.23 (4.65) | 18.07 (7.92) | 50.66 (8.36) | 6.35 (3.24) | 0.74 (0.32) | |
Married | 95,480 (88.4) | 15.37 (3.82) | 27.61 (7.30) | 12.24 (5.30) | 15.81 (7.34) | 51.24 (8.17) | 5.83 (2.95) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
Other | 10,866 (10.1) | 15.66 (3.78) | 28.20 (7.50) | 12.53 (5.44) | 16.51 (7.87) | 50.83 (8.23) | 5.79 (3.05) | 0.69 (0.31) | |
Smoking Status | |||||||||
Never | 46,497 (43.1) | 15.40 (3.82) | 27.95 (7.48) | 12.55 (5.52) | 15.71 (7.36) | 51.26 (8.13) | 5.81 (2.95) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
Former | 50,684 (46.9) | 15.43 (3.82) | 27.47 (7.23) | 12.04 (5.16) | 16.09 (7.44) | 51.13 (8.23) | 5.82 (2.96) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
Current | 9439 (8.7) | 15.40 (3.75) | 27.45 (6.88) | 12.06 (4.88) | 15.92 (7.48) | 51.24 (8.20) | 6.03 (3.06) | 0.65 (0.29) | |
Other/missing | 1382 (1.3) | 15.49 (3.63) | 27.76 (7.03) | 12.26 (5.27) | 16.00 (7.43) | 51.10 (8.07) | 5.98 (3.06) | 0.67 (0.30) | |
Passive smoke exposure | |||||||||
No exposure | 58,249 (53.9) | 15.48 (3.84) | 27.93 (7.57) | 12.45 (5.54) | 16.16 (7.46) | 51.16 (8.26) | 5.70 (2.95) | 0.68 (0.31) | |
1 h/week | 12,197 (11.3) | 15.33 (3.90) | 27.50 (7.45) | 12.17 (5.35) | 15.60 (7.32) | 51.00 (8.11) | 5.73 (2.89) | 0.65 (0.29) | |
2–5 h/week | 17,116 (15.8) | 15.27 (3.76) | 27.28 (6.92) | 12.01 (4.93) | 15.55 (7.33) | 51.26 (8.06) | 6.00 (3.00) | 0.64 (0.29) | |
6+ h/week | 19,161 (17.7) | 15.38 (3.72) | 27.37 (6.76) | 11.99 (4.80) | 15.69 (7.38) | 51.38 (8.10) | 6.16 (3.03) | 0.64 (0.29) | |
Missing | 1279 (1.2) | 15.28 (3.67) | 27.70 (6.92) | 12.42 (5.14) | 15.51 (7.30) | 50.85 (8.09) | 5.83 (2.91) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
Alcohol use | |||||||||
Non-drinker | 40,929 (37.9) | 15.41 (3.82) | 28.12 (7.44) | 12.71 (5.53) | 15.52 (7.43) | 51.36 (8.07) | 5.91 (2.96) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
< 1/day | 41,883 (38.8) | 15.38 (3.82) | 27.36 (7.16) | 11.98 (5.07) | 16.16 (7.47) | 51.16 (8.27) | 5.85 (2.98) | 0.66 (0.29) | |
1–2/day | 12,022 (11.1) | 15.47 (3.80) | 27.36 (7.25) | 11.88 (5.16) | 16.33 (7.22) | 51.09 (8.26) | 5.68 (2.95) | 0.67 (0.29) | |
>2/day | 9890 (9.2) | 15.48 (3.79) | 27.46 (7.41) | 11.98 (5.29) | 16.15 (7.22) | 50.88 (8.23) | 5.60 (2.97) | 0.67 (0.30) | |
Missing | 3278 (3.0) | 15.40 (3.74) | 28.06 (7.25) | 12.66 (5.43) | 15.34 (7.50) | 50.88 (7.98) | 5.91 (3.00) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
Body mass index (BMI) | |||||||||
<18.5 | 1373 (1.3) | 15.59 (3.94) | 28.19 (7.81) | 12.61 (5.76) | 16.17 (7.28) | 50.80 (8.08) | 5.55 (2.93) | 0.69 (0.30) | |
18.5 to <25 | 47,533 (44.0) | 15.48 (3.85) | 27.71 (7.37) | 12.23 (5.35) | 16.12 (7.45) | 51.11 (8.21) | 5.74 (2.97) | 0.67 (0.30) | |
25 to <30 | 42,087 (39.0) | 15.37 (3.79) | 27.60 (7.27) | 12.24 (5.26) | 15.77 (7.38) | 51.26 (8.19) | 5.89 (2.97) | 0.65 (0.30) | |
30+ | 15,463 (14.3) | 15.32 (3.76) | 27.78 (7.27) | 12.46 (5.27) | 15.68 (7.46) | 51.31 (8.09) | 5.98 (2.95) | 0.65 (0.30) | |
Missing | 1546 (1.4) | 15.29 (3.73) | 27.25 (6.49) | 11.96 (4.81) | 15.43 (6.76) | 51.22 (8.16) | 6.00 (2.99) | 0.64 (0.28) | |
Diet quality score | |||||||||
Low | 20,698 (19.2) | 15.30 (3.70) | 27.36 (6.84) | 12.06 (4.93) | 15.36 (7.16) | 51.36 (8.00) | 6.09 (3.03) | 0.63 (0.28) | |
Medium | 63,011 (58.3) | 15.37 (3.84) | 27.66 (7.38) | 12.29 (5.34) | 15.94 (7.41) | 51.12 (8.21) | 5.77 (2.94) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
High | 14,335 (13.3) | 15.71 (3.87) | 28.09 (7.70) | 12.38 (5.64) | 16.58 (7.59) | 51.36 (8.32) | 5.68 (2.94) | 0.70 (0.31) | |
Missing | 9958 (9.2) | 15.48 (3.77) | 27.86 (7.22) | 12.38 (5.28) | 15.89 (7.56) | 51.06 (8.17) | 5.90 (3.02) | 0.67 (0.30) | |
Occupational dirtiness | |||||||||
0 | 70,499 (65.3) | 15.46 (3.81) | 27.70 (7.23) | 12.24 (5.24) | 16.07 (7.41) | 51.19 (8.21) | 5.86 (2.99) | 0.67 (0.30) | |
1 | 2493 (2.3) | 15.15 (3.84) | 27.39 (7.10) | 12.24 (5.08) | 15.62 (7.28) | 50.58 (8.18) | 5.72 (3.02) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
2 | 22,736 (21.1) | 15.44 (3.83) | 27.70 (7.54) | 12.26 (5.47) | 16.01 (7.40) | 51.28 (8.15) | 5.75 (2.91) | 0.67 (0.30) | |
3 | 4101 (3.8) | 15.34 (3.75) | 27.59 (7.29) | 12.25 (5.30) | 15.61 (7.40) | 51.12 (8.16) | 5.92 (3.04) | 0.66 (0.30) | |
4 | 4276 (4) | 14.77 (3.77) | 27.24 (7.29) | 12.47 (5.30) | 13.82 (7.18) | 51.14 (7.93) | 5.67 (2.74) | 0.59 (0.29) | |
5 | 3219 (3.0) | 15.23 (3.84) | 27.70 (7.50) | 12.47 (5.40) | 15.31 (7.45) | 51.18 (8.15) | 5.93 (3.00) | 0.64 (0.30) | |
6 | 678 (0.6) | 15.49 (3.84) | 28.28 (7.78) | 12.79 (5.68) | 15.02 (7.27) | 51.72 (7.82) | 6.55 (3.40) | 0.64 (0.30) | |
Regularly exposed to industrial pollutants | |||||||||
Never | 73,902 (68.4) | 15.45 (3.83) | 27.71 (7.33) | 12.26 (5.31) | 16.07 (7.42) | 51.18 (8.21) | 5.80 (2.95) | 0.67 (0.30) | |
Ever | 23,496 (21.8) | 15.37 (3.82) | 27.71 (7.49) | 12.34 (5.41) | 15.70 (7.53) | 51.29 (8.15) | 5.86 (2.99) | 0.66 (0.31) | |
Missing | 10,604 (9.8) | 15.27 (3.69) | 27.39 (6.73) | 12.12 (4.97) | 15.23 (7.06) | 51.06 (8.04) | 6.04 (3.03) | 0.65 (0.29) | |
Live in rural area | |||||||||
No | 98,371 (91.1) | 15.64 (3.79) | 27.98 (7.45) | 12.33 (5.41) | 16.66 (7.31) | 51.33 (8.27) | 5.87 (3.00) | 0.68 (0.30) | |
Yes | 9631 (8.9) | 13.05 (3.18) | 24.62 (4.77) | 11.57 (3.91) | 8.24 (2.28) | 49.77 (7.12) | 5.50 (2.63) | 0.43 (0.16) | |
U.S. Region | |||||||||
Northeast | 32,788 (30.4) | 15.98 (2.66) | 25.72 (4.33) | 9.74 (2.78) | 17.51 (7.23) | 57.10 (5.45) | 8.7 (2.31) | 0.65 (0.27) | |
South | 19,800 (18.3) | 16.34 (3.81) | 26.12 (2.93) | 9.78 (2.71) | 13.72 (4.85) | 51.31 (10.32) | 5.41 (2.41) | 0.55 (0.18) | |
Midwest | 34,112 (31.6) | 13.44 (3.02) | 25.39 (3.88) | 11.95 (2.44) | 12.80 (4.84) | 47.35 (5.90) | 5.08 (1.94) | 0.51 (0.16) | |
West | 21,302 (19.7) | 16.84 (5.01) | 35.80 (11.30) | 18.96 (7.33) | 20.46 (9.70) | 48.15 (7.23) | 3.03 (1.85) | 1.02 (0.30) | |
