Fig. 4: Comparison of RAECsig with clinical features and published models in predicting recurrence across PCa cohorts.

a–f C-indices of the RAECsig, age, pathological tumor stage (pT), pathological lymph node stage (pN), prostate-specific antigen (PSA), and Gleason scores in different PCa cohorts, including TCGA-PRAD (a), DKFZ-PRAD (b), GSE70768 (c), GSE70769 (d), GSE94767 (e), and GSE21034 (f). g Univariate Cox regression analysis of RAECsig and published models across PCa cohorts. h C-indices of the RAECsig and published models in various PCa cohorts. Data in (a–h) are presented as mean ± 95% confidence interval. *P < 0.05; **P < 0.01; ***P < 0.001; ****P < 0.0001.