Fig. 1: Overview of study design and miRNA selection in LUAD and LUSC NSCLC subtypes from TCGA data.

a Flow chart for the NSCLC circulating miRNA study. b Heatmap and boxplot showing the differentially expressed (DE) miRNAs in malignant lung cancer and matched normal tissue. Rows represent miRNA IDs; columns represent TCGA sample IDs. A log2FC > 2 (4-fold induction or reduction) with a p-value of <0.05 was used as a threshold and considered significant. Data is presented as means ± SD. In LUAD, 42 miRNAs are differentially expressed (27 upregulated, 15 downregulated in cancer tissue). c In LUSC, 61 miRNAs are differentially expressed (40 upregulated, 21 downregulated in cancer tissue).