Fig. 5: Elucidating miRNA profiles as predictive biomarkers in NSCLC upon anti-PD-1 immunotherapy.

a PD-L1 tissue staining (positive >1%, negative <1%). b Tissue PD-L1 expression-based Kaplan–Meier-estimated progression-free survival (PFS) in NSCLC patients (n = 12). c Kaplan–Meier-estimated PFS in NSCLC patients treated with ICI mono (n = 5), and ICI + Chemotherapy (n = 7). d Kaplan–Meier-estimated PFS based on DE miRNAs (n = 10) in NSCLC patients treated with ICI. e The alluvial plot illustrates the patient cohorts undergoing ICI therapy. These groups are split into two categories: PD-L1 negative or positive. Within this framework, ‘H’ represents a high expression of miRNA, quantified as exceeding the median expression levels showed as a red colour, while ‘L’ represents a low expression of miRNA, situated below the median threshold, showed as a blue colour.