Table 2 Summary of preclinical evidence of the abscopal effect of SDT.
Group | Cancer cell type | Sonosensitiser | Model used | Mouse type | US power density | US frequency | Duty cycle | Pulse repetition frequency | Exposure time (n = number of exposures) | Adjunct(s) used |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zhang et al. [91] | Liver | HPD | HPB + FUS | Immunocompromised and immunocompetent | 1 W/cm2 | 1 MHz | 50% | Unspecified | 2 h (n = 3) | - |
Chen et al. [95] | Breast | Protoporphyrin | Nanosonosensitiser manganese-protoporphyrin within folate liposomes + SDT | Immunocompetent | 2.0 W/cm2 | 1.0 MHz | 50% | Unspecified | 5 min (n = 1) | - |
Fu et al. [99] | Breast | PEGylated CoFe2O4 nanoflowers (CFP) | CFP + CDT + SDT | Immunocompetent | 0.5 W/cm2 | 1.0 MHz | 20% | Unspecified | 3 min (n = 2) | a-PD-L1 |
Nesbitt et al. [47] | Pancreatic | Rose Bengal | MBs with Rose Bengal + SDT | Immunocompetent | 3.5 W/cm2 | 1.0 MHz | 30% | 100 Hz | 3.5 min (n = 2) | a-PD-L1 |
Nicholas et al. [93] | Pancreatic | Rose Bengal | NPs with Rose Bengal + SDT | Immunocompromised | 3 W/cm2 | 1 MHz | 30% | 100 Hz | 3.5 min (n = 1) | - |
Zhan et al. [97] | Ovarian | Mn-TCPP | Nanoplatform with Mn-MOF and CpG, lined with B16 cells overexpressing OVA + SDT | Immunocompetent | 1 W/cm2 | 1 MHz | 50% | Unspecified | 10 min (n = 3) | a-PD-L1 |
Zheng et al. [100] | Ovarian | ICG | NPs with ICG + oxaliplatin + PSDT | Immunocompetent | 1 W/cm2 | Unspecified | Unspecified | Unspecified | 1 min (n = 1) | Oxaliplatin |
Hadi et al. [96] | Pancreatic | Hematoporphyrin | NPs with hematoporphyrin + SDT | Immunocompetent | 3.5 W/cm2 | 1.0 MHz | 50% | 100 Hz | 3.5 min (n = 1) | - |
Yang et al. [98] | Colorectal | Titanium disulfide | PEG-modified manganese-doping titanium disulphide NSs + gas therapy + SDT | Immunocompetent | 3 W/cm2 | 30 kHz | Unspecified | Unspecified | 10 min (n = 3) | a-PD-L1 |
Qiao et al. [94] | Breast | BP | PEG-modified BP NSs + SDT | Immunocompetent | 0.75 W/cm2 | 1 MHz | 30% | Unspecified | 10 min (n = 5) | - |
Wang et al. [92] | Breast | MoOX | PEG-modified MoOX NPs + SDT | Unspecified | 3 W/cm2 | 40 kHz | Unspecified | Unspecified | 15 min (n = 3) | a-CTLA-4 |
