Fig. 5: Combination therapy with NK-92/5.28.z and anti-PD-1 checkpoint inhibition induces a CD4-driven T-cell response.

a Representative multiplex IHC images of untreated, anti-PD-1, NK-92/5.28.z + IgG and NK-92/5.28.z + anti-PD-1 treated mice (left to right). Proteins stained on FFPE slides are indicated on the right. Upper panels depict IHC images, lower panels after applying an analysis grid for better visualization of cell types. b Quantification of CD4⁺ plus CD8⁺ cells (left) and CD4⁺ cells (right) using the PhenOptics data (n = 3, one-tailed Student’s t test. * p < 0.05). c Cluster analysis of intracellular flow cytometry data; the t-SNE dimensionally reduced plot shows different clusters based on the Phenograph algorithm. d Representative multiplex IHC images of untreated, anti-PD-1, NK-92/5.28.z + IgG and NK-92/5.28.z + anti-PD-1 treated mice. Slides were stained for CD3, CD4 and NK1.1, respectively, with merged images and single stainings shown. e Quantification of CD4 and NK1.1 double-positive cells from the multiplex images shown in (d) (n = 3–5, one-tailed Student’s t test. ** p < 0.01).