Fig. 2: Metabolite set enrichment analysis (MSEA) by class of metabolites (n = 218) for breast cancer incidence stratified by subgroups, Nurses’ Health Study II (1996–2011).

Stars denote P values adjusted by FDR: *Padj < 0.2; **Padj < 0.05; ***Padj <0.001. Darker blue represents a more negative enrichment score (inverse association with breast cancer); darker red represents a more positive enrichment score (positive association with breast cancer). The model for the subgroups is based on the unconditional logistic regression model accounting for matching factors and with further adjustment for BMI at age 18, weight change (from age 18 to time of first blood draw), age at menarche, parity and age at first birth, breastfeeding history, family history of breast cancer in a first degree relative, personal history of benign breast disease, physical activity, alcohol intake (by quintile), and oral contraceptive use at blood collection. DB double bound, FDR false discovery rate.