Fig. 4: Exosomal ALPPL2 and THBS2 as biomarkers for disease monitoring in patients with PDAC.

a ALPPL2⁺ exosome concentrations at baseline in CA19-9-elevated and non-elevated patients and age-matched healthy controls (HC). b THBS2⁺ exosome concentrations at baseline in CA19-9-elevated and non-elevated patients and age-matched HC. c Serum CA19-9 concentrations at baseline in CA19-9-elevated and non-elevated patients (37 U/ml was used as the cutoff) and age-matched HC. d ALPPL2⁺ exosome concentrations before treatment and at a timepoint after treatment when the patient showed either a positive radiographic response (partial response, PR, or complete response, CR) or progressed disease (PD) based on RECIST 1.1 criteria. e THBS2⁺ exosome concentrations before treatment and at a timepoint after treatment when the patient showed either a PR/CR or PD. f Serum CA19-9 concentrations before treatment and at a timepoint after treatment when the patient showed a either a PR/CR or PD. Lines in D-F connect paired samples from one patient. ****P < 0.0001. ns not significant.