Fig. 3

Bi-functional MSCs exert in vitro cytotoxicity on target GBM cell lines. a In vitro impact of bi-functional MSCs against a T98G, b U87MG, c A172 GBM lines, and d primary C3c GBM cells testing multiple target-to-effector ratios (1:1, 1:2, and 1:5). Tumor cell death by supravital propidium iodide (PI) for T98G, A172, and C3c and by Annexin V/PI staining for U87MG after 24 h (left column) and 48 h (right column). Recombinant human TRAIL (rhTRAIL, 1μg/ml) was used as a positive control of cell death, while tumor cell lines alone as a negative control (CTR). Reported p values regard multiple comparisons among mTRAIL MSCs and bi-functional MSC conditions versus control groups represented by EV MSCs, GD2 tCAR MSCs, rhTRAIL, or CTR. For T98G, *p < .05, °p < .01, ^§p < .01; for U87MG, *p < .05, °p < .05, ^§p < .05; for A172, *p < .05, °p < .01, ^§p < .05; for C3c, *p < .05, °p < .001, ^§p < .00. All p values have been calculated by Student’s t test. Data are expressed as mean ± SD