Fig. 5

Ectopic TWIST2 expression in p53^−/− MSCs represses differentiation but does not affect cellular redox state. a QPCR of Twist2 and Twist1 mRNA levels in p53^−/− MSCs transduced with an empty or Twist2-expressing retroviral vector (pMSCVpig). Data are mean ± S.D. of experiments (n = 3). ***p < 0.005 by Student’s t-test. b–e Effect of ectopic Twist2 expression on growth (b), viability (c), CFU-F activity (d), and CAFC activity (e) of p53^−/− MSCs. Data are mean ± S.D. of experiments (n = = 3–6). *p < 0.05 compared to pMSCVpig by Student’s t-test. f Effect of ectopic Twist2 expression on stimulus-driven adipogenic (left panel) and osteogenic (right panel) differentiation. Data are mean ± S.D. of experiments (n = 6) repeated twice. **p < 0.01 compared to CCM and ++p < 0.01 compared to AIM or OIM by ANOVA and Tukey post hoc test. g Dot plots (left panels) and histogram (right panel) of flow cytometric analysis of MitoSOX^TM Red-stained p53^−/− MSCs. Numbers indicate percentage of MitoSOX^TM Red high-expressing cells