Abstract
Osteoporosis develops because of impaired bone formation and/or excessive bone resorption. Several pharmacological treatment of osteoporosis has been developed; however, new treatments are still necessary. Cholesterol and estrogen receptor-related receptor alpha (ERRα) promote osteoclasts formation, survival, and cellular fusion and thus become high risk factors of osteoporosis. In this study, we identified that carnosic acid (CA) suppressed bone loss by dual-targeting of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 2 (SREBP2, a major regulator that regulates cholesterol synthesis) and ERRα. Mechanistically, CA reduced nuclear localization of mature SREBP2 and suppressed de novo biogenesis of cholesterol. CA subsequently decreased the interaction between ERRα and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-beta (PGC1β), resulting in decreased the transcription activity of ERRα and its target genes expression. Meanwhile, CA directly bound to the ligand-binding domain of ERRα and significantly promoted its ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation. Subsequently, STUB1 was identified as the E3 ligase of ERRα. The lysine residues (K51 and K68) are essential for ubiquitination and proteasomal degradation of ERRα by CA. In conclusion, CA dually targets SREBP2 and ERRα, thus inhibits the RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and improves OVX-induced bone loss. CA may serve as a lead compound for pharmacological control of osteoporosis.
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Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (2019YFC1711000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (81773957, 81421005, 81903871), the National Key Subject of Drug Innovation (No. 2017ZX09301012003), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2018M642380), the 111 Project (B16046). This project was also supported by the Project Program of State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines, China Pharmaceutical University (SKLNMZZCX201820), the “Double First-Class” University Project (CPU2018GF04).
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Zheng, ZG., Cheng, HM., Zhou, YP. et al. Dual targeting of SREBP2 and ERRα by carnosic acid suppresses RANKL-mediated osteoclastogenesis and prevents ovariectomy-induced bone loss. Cell Death Differ 27, 2048–2065 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-019-0484-5
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41418-019-0484-5
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