Fig. 1: Multiciliation defects and GMNC program deficiencies in CP tumors.

A Copy number analysis of human CPC (n = 23 tumors from 23 individuals) and CPP (n = 32 tumors from 32 individuals). B Representative images of human CP tumors that show GMNC and FOXJ1 expression by RNAscope (left panels), and ARL13B expression by immunostaining (brown signals in upper right panels, red signals in lower right panel). DAPI staining (blue, lower right panel) labels nuclei. Scale bars, 25 µm. Results were obtained from at least three independent experiments. C Summary of GMNC and FOXJ1 expression in human CP tumors shown in B (CPC: n = 11; CPP: n = 31). D Summary of cilia status in human CP tumors (CPC: n = 6; CPP: n = 11). E RT-qPCR analysis of the expression of GMNC, MCIDAS and FOXJ1 in CP tumors and normal control tissues in humans (CPP: n = 10; CPC: n = 8; normal tissue: n = 1 for brain, trachea, lung, testis, and epididymis, respectively; mean ± s.e.m., student t-test, **P < 0.01). Data represent two independent experiments.