Fig. 4: Hurdles established by the tumor vasculature that limit immunotherapy efficacy
From: Defining the role of the tumor vasculature in antitumor immunity and immunotherapy
As discussed above, the TME often thwart CTL presence in the TME due to inducing apoptosis/ill-adhesion or by functional inhibition even when infiltrated. This low number of TAA-specific CTLs affects the harvest from tumor biopsies for adoptive T-cell transfer-based immunotherapy. Moreover, delivery of administered regimens including monoclonal antibodies, DCs, and T cells can be hindered due to ill-perfusion. Yet, the TME can still functionally inhibit the transferred DCs when infiltrated
