Fig. 1: Detection of global HCMV gene expression in SLE patients and demonstration that US31 is an SLE-associated HCMV gene

Transcriptome sequencing was performed to detect HCMV gene expression in the PBMCs from three SLE patients and three normal controls. a Cluster analysis of HCMV transcripts detected along with a bar graph representing the HCMV gene expression for each positive sample using rRNA removal + strand specific-seq. b PCR verification of SLE-associated HCMV genes. The figure does not show the electrophoresis image of negatively detected genes. The samples analyzed in panel B are from four additional samples of SLE PBMCs. They are from unique donors, and do not overlap with those used for Fig. 1a and Figure S1A. M: Marker. c Representative image of PCR electrophoresis for US31 expression in PBMCs isolated from SLE patients and healthy controls (HC) (Left panel, only several results are shown). Quantitation of the positivity rate of US31 expression in PBMCs from SLE patients and healthy controls (Right panel). A chi-square test was used to compare the differences in positivity rates between both groups. NS no statistical significance. d Box and whisker plots of the qPCR-quantitated US31 expression in PBMCs from SLE patients and healthy controls. A non-parametric Mann–Whitney U test was used to compare the differences in expression levels between SLE patients and healthy controls. The top and bottom of the boxes represent the 75th and 25th percentiles, respectively, whereas the band in the middle of the boxes represents the 50th percentile (median). The error bars represent the minimum to maximum values. ***P < 0.001